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Definition
| Look at energy to sensation link. |
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Definition
| smallest separation between two stimuli that they are felt as two |
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| Cells that receive mechanical disturbances |
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Definition
| In the peripherals; sense light |
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Definition
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| Rods are receptors for night vision; Cones are color sensors and have greater acuity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| activity in one region tends to inhibit responding in the adjacent region. Neighboring retinal cells tend to inhibit one another. |
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Definition
| Accentuates edges, makes it easier to identify objects |
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Definition
| we have three different color receptor cones that are activated depending on colors being seen |
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Definition
| stimulation by red light strongly activates the red-preferring receptors and only weakly activates other two receptors. Similar with blue, green. |
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Definition
| pattern code for sound waves |
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Definition
| Translated directly to appropriate number of impulses per second |
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Term
| Place Theory of Pitch Perception |
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Definition
| Detect where on membrane sound wave vibration is greatest |
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Definition
| After cones receive colors, colors are processed by means of opposing colors (red VS green, blue VS yellow, etc) |
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Definition
| Unable to distinguish shapes |
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Term
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Definition
| region of specific shape and size within visual field to which cell responds |
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Term
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Definition
| link physical brain abnormality with observable changes in behavior |
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Term
| Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation |
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Definition
| strong magnetic pulses which can cause a temporary disruption in function |
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Term
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Definition
| control movements of head and neck, carry sensations from nose, tongue, etc. Control secretions such as mucous. |
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Definition
| includes structures to control key life functions |
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Definition
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Definition
| involved in control of motivated behavior (eating, drinking, sex) |
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Definition
| thick bundles of fibers that carry info back and forth between two hemispheres |
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Term
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Definition
| picture of brain with corresponding body part over each section |
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Term
| Primary Sensory Projection Areas |
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Definition
| receiving stations for info arriving from eyes, ears, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| directly behind primary motor projection area |
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Term
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Definition
| seems to be involved in making connections between memories |
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Term
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Definition
| Serious disorders of initiation of organization of voluntary activity |
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Term
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Definition
| Sufferer cannot identify familiar objects using affected sense |
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Term
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Definition
| after damage to one hemisphere of the brain, a deficit in attention to and awareness of one side of space is observed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disturbance in production or understanding of language |
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Term
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Definition
| Can't produce speech (nonfluent aphasia) |
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Term
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Definition
| Patients produce speech but cannot understand what is said to them |
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Term
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Definition
| determines whether or not an action potential will be triggered by the summation of potentials in different places, same time |
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Term
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Definition
| When stimulation at different times, same place create enough potentials to trigger a response |
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Term
| Contralateral connections |
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Definition
| Left side of body connected to right side of brain and vice versa |
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Term
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Definition
| The blocking of one object by another |
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Term
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Definition
| A texture's elements get smaller as it gets farther away |
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Term
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Definition
| object gets smaller as it moves away |
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Term
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Definition
| pattern of motion in retinal images which provides another distance cue |
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Term
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Definition
| turn on lights next to each other in succession; appear to be moving |
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Term
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Definition
| Direct perception (no ambiguity) |
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Term
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Definition
| Direct perception (rules and inferences "fix" ambiguities) |
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Term
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Definition
| segregating a scene into the objects that make it up |
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Term
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Definition
| Separation of an object from its setting |
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Term
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Definition
| Determined by information coming in |
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Term
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Definition
| Chain of events influenced by beliefs/expectations |
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Term
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Definition
| three-dimensional figures such as cubes, cones, etc. Most images can be dissected into these. |
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Term
| Categories of Ganglion Cells |
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Definition
| Parvo cells (color) and magno cells (light changes) |
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Term
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Definition
| How does the nervous system bind together aspects that were detected by separate systems initially? |
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Term
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Definition
| Parietal, occipital, temporal, frontal |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| Recognition by archetype/template. Imagelike. |
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Term
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Definition
| memorization, studying, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| takes place unintentionally |
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Term
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Definition
| Didn't know you learned it till later |
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Term
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Definition
| Intentionally, purposefully learned it |
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Term
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Definition
| Moving memories from temporary storage into permanent storage |
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Term
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Definition
| short term memory - hold onto information you are using right now |
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Term
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Definition
| Items at beginning of list will be recalled |
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Term
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Definition
| Items at end of list will be recalled |
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Term
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Definition
| encoding that emphasizes superficial characteristics of a stimulus, such as the font in which a word is printed |
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Term
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Definition
| involves encoding that emphasizes meaning of material |
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Term
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Definition
| the record left by an experience in memory |
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Term
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Definition
| suffer a loss of memory for events prior to brain injury. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What is placed in memory is a record of the event as understood from a particular perspective or perceived within a particular context. |
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Term
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Definition
| mental representation/framework that summarizes what we know about a certain type of event or situation |
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Term
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Definition
| memory for specific events (i.e. your 10th b-day) |
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Term
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Definition
| contains knowledge not tied to any time or place – i.e. that London is the capital of England |
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Term
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Definition
| meanings of words and concepts |
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Term
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Definition
| each concept (i.e. fire engine) is represented by a particular node or set of nodes – when these nodes are activated, one is thinking about fire engines. |
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Term
| Distributed Representation |
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Definition
| each concept represented by a pattern of activation across entire network. |
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Term
| Second Order Conditioning |
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Definition
| EX. Bell is paired with food. Bell produces salivation. Black square is then paired with bell. Black square produces salivation as well. |
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Term
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Definition
| respond to a range of stimuli if the stimuli are sufficiently similar to original CS. |
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Term
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Definition
| CR will gradually disappear if CS is repeatedly presented by itself (without US) |
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Term
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Definition
| Two events (CS and US) occur together in time |
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Term
| Law of Effect (conditioning) |
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Definition
| If a response is followed by a reward, that response will be strengthened. If it is followed by no reward, or by punishment, it will decrease. |
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Term
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Definition
| offsets or compensates for response produced by drug (or other US) |
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Term
| Instrumental Conditioning |
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Definition
| setting that allows a number of responses (R) |
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Term
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Definition
| Responses operated on an environment to bring about reinforcement (Rx) . Allows repeated responses. |
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Term
| Partial Reinforcement Effect |
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Definition
| Conditioning more resistant to extinction with partial reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| water, food, escape from scent of predator, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| No contingency between acts and outcomes, so no point in trying |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanism involves an increase in responsiveness of a neuron (increase in neuron’s potential for firing) that lasts for days, weeks (neuron more sensitive to that stimulus) |
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Term
| Definitional Theory of Word Meaning |
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Definition
| Words are organized in our minds much as they are in standard dictionaries (not in alphabetical order though) |
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Term
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Definition
| meaning of many words is still described as a set of features, but not a necessary and sufficient set of them. |
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Term
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Definition
| rules of putting together words (must be known by speaker and hearer) |
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Term
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Definition
| finite in number but combine infinitely |
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