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PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (1)
N/A
25
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
04/25/2011

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Cards

Term
Scientific Method (Book)
Definition
Set of assumptions, attitudes, & procedures that guide in creating questions, generating evidence, & drawing conclusions.
Term
Scientific Method (Class)
Definition
1 - Ask a question.
2 - Research/Observation
3 - Hypothesize
4 - Test Hypothesis
5 - Analyze Data
6 - Results/Conclusion
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
Educated guess about relationship between 2 or more variables.
Term
Null Hypothesis
Definition
There is no relation between x and y variables.
Term
Alternative Hypothesis
Definition
There is a relation between x and y variables.
Term
Population
Definition
A complete set of "something"
Term
Sample
Definition
A randomly selected subset of individuals in a population.
Term
Random Sample
Definition
Goal of every group member having equal chances of being included in study.
Term
Correlational Design
Definition
Examines how strongly 2 variables are related/associated.
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
Influenced by independent - Outcome Variable. Factor that is observed/measured for change.
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
Purposely manipulated factor to produce change in experiment - Treatment Variable.
Term
Mean
Definition
Most representative measure of central tendency.
Term
Standard Deviation
Definition
Measure of variability. (NOT RELIABLE WITHIN A SAMPLE)
Term
Variance
Definition
Related to range - want a small amount.
Term
Confidence Interval
Definition
Related to range - sample represents population. Goal of having accurate results.
Term
Normal (Bell) Distribution
Definition
A distribution of individual differences in a population in which scores cluster around the average.
Term
Mediator
Definition
A variable in the middle of 2 separate variables that make these 2 variables related.
Term
Can you prove a hypothesis?
Definition
No.
Term
Causation in correlation?
Definition
No, there is nothing causing something to do something else.
Term
Ranges - Negative, Positive, None.
And examples.
Definition
Negative: -1.0 increase x, decrease y. (memory & age).
Positive: +1.0 decrease x, increase y. (height & weight).
None: 0 no relation between variables.
Term
Large or small sample size?
Definition
Small is better - will get more precise/reliable results
Term
Strengths of correlation (can also refer to "-")
Definition
Low: 0.0 - 0.2
Med: 0.3 - 0.4
High: 0.5 - 1.0
Term
Naturalistic Observation
Definition
Observation & recording of behaviors that occur in their natural setting.
Term
Case Study
Definition
Intense study of an individual or a small group of individuals.
Term
Reliability
Definition
Ability of a test to produce consistent results when administered on repeated occasions & under similar conditions.
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