Term
| Asch Visual Perception Study |
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Definition
| changes obvious answer to fit with others |
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Term
| What makes people conform? |
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Definition
| Normative influence- do things to be liked |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ways to strengthen Comformity |
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Definition
-make feel incompetent or insecure
-groups have at least 3 people
-group is unanimous
-admires group status and attractiveness
-no prior commitment or response
-group observes one's behavior
-culture strongly encourages respect for a social standard |
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Term
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Definition
A: actor --> researcher
B: participant --> teacher
C: actor --> learner |
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Term
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Definition
over 60% of participants continued through 3 shocks of 450 volts
-variety of emotions |
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Term
| 2 ways to increase obedience in Milgram's study |
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Definition
1) have 2 "teachers"- subject doesn't shock
2) no vocalization from the learner (victim) |
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Term
| 4 ways to decrease obedience in Milgram's study |
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Definition
1) move to less prestigious institution
2) experimenter moves further away
3) learner moves closer
4) two teachers- one refuses to go on |
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Term
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Definition
| strength, distance, and number of others affects our response to pressure |
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Term
| In Milgram impact of both the _____ and ______ decreases with ________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| performance is improved in the presence of others |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to put forth less effort when in a group |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of self-awareness and self restraint in group situations |
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Term
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Definition
| when things go wrong, find someone to blame |
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Term
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Definition
| negative feelings towards someone because they are in a certain group |
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Term
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Definition
-stereotypes
-ultimate attribution error: same process but groups
-ingroup favoritism: help them
-outgroup competition: prejudice increases |
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Term
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Definition
| beliefs that all members of specific social groups share certain characteristics (terrorists) |
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Term
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Definition
| unjustifiable negative behavior towards a group and its members |
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Term
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Definition
| my group is better than your group |
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Term
| Elliot's brown/blue eye study |
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Definition
(1968)
blue-eyed: smarter/superior
brown-eyed: not as smart/inferior |
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Term
| frustration-aggression principle |
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Definition
| frustration creates anger which can spark aggression |
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Term
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Definition
Stage 1: ingroup formation (split into 2 equal groups)
Stage 2: competition (games for limited resources)
Results: Think reality TV show (survivor)
Stage 3: Cooperative problem solving exercises
*** required to end prejudice*** |
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Term
| The power of the situation is _____ and ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Situations can be utilized to: |
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Definition
| -increase prosocial behavior as well as lead to horrendous behavior |
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Term
| individuals who go against the norm (deviants) are important to __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Mental health workers view psychological disorders as: |
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Definition
persistently harmful thoughts, feelings, and actions
** persistent= long period of time** |
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Term
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Definition
-Distress
-Deviance
-Dysfunction: has to cause impairment/problems |
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Term
| Bio-psychosocial persepective |
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Definition
| assumes biological, socio-cultural, and psychological factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders |
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Term
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Definition
-Etiology
-Diagnosis
-Treatment
-Prognosis |
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Term
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Definition
| cause and development of the disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| identifying symptoms and distinguishing one disease from another |
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Term
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Definition
| treating a disease in a psychiatric hospital and/or medication |
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Term
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Definition
forecast about the disorder
(if they last longer than __ days come back) |
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Term
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Definition
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
-dictionary of categorization (NOT explanation) |
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Term
| Over ___ disorders in DSM IV |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
culturally influenced
-homosexuality
-asbergers |
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Term
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Definition
| Clinical Syndromes: cognitive, anxiety, mood disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| Personality Disorders and "Mental Retardation" |
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Term
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Definition
| General Medical Conditions: could be something else medical that looks like depression |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychosocial or Environmental Factors: school, house, job, loss of loved one |
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Term
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Definition
| Global assessment of functioning: totally subjective |
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Term
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Definition
| number of people who currently have the condition |
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Term
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Definition
| the annual number of people who have a case of the condition |
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Term
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Definition
Symptoms: fear or anxiety
PTSD, OCD, Phobias, Panic disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| depression, bipolar disorder (manic depression), major depression, dysthymia, cyclothymia |
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Term
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Definition
Symptoms: loss of contact with reality through hallucinations, delusions, or inappropriate emotions
Schizophrenia, delusional disorder |
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Term
|
Definition
Symptoms: rigid, maladaptive personality traits
Antisocial Pers. Dis, histrionic pers. dis, narcisstic pers. dis. |
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Term
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Definition
Symptoms: separation from memory or identity
psychogenic amnesia, dissociative identity disorder
often personal trauma, usually amnesia |
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Term
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Definition
Symptoms: excessive concern with weight gain, need for control
anorexia nervosa, bulimia. under eating, and binging
** DSM-V added binge eating disorder** |
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Term
|
Definition
| grounded in fear (or anxiety) |
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Term
| Generalized anxiety disorder |
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Definition
Symptoms: jittery, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritable, muscle tension, sleep disturbance
excessive uncontrolled anxieties and worries about a number of events or activities
-failure to control worry with efforts |
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Term
| generalized anxiety is ___ ____ according to Freud |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| recurrent unexpected panic attacks (MULTIPLE) |
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Term
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Definition
-persistent, unreasonable fear cued by anticipation of specific object or situation
-exposure to stimulus provides anxiety
-person recognizes fear is excessive or unreasonable
-avoid object/ situation to endure with distress |
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Term
| Agoraphobia vs. social phobia |
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Definition
| afraid of a place where there is no escape vs. what people think |
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Term
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Definition
| disturbances of language or thought, perception, emotion or mood, behavior |
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Term
| Schizophrenia disturbance of language or thought |
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Definition
| delusional beliefs: being watched by somebody |
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Term
| Schizophrenia disturbance emotion or mood |
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Definition
Interpersonal:
cackling to themselves, crying
disorganization in personal relationships
things we don't expect |
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Term
| Schizophrenia disturbance in behavior |
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Definition
neglecting self care
social withdrawal |
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Term
| Positive Symptoms of Schizo. |
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Definition
something has been added
disorganized thoughts, disorganized or catatonic behaviors (twirling hair, hold facial expressions)
Hallucinations- most common (75%), auditory (hear voices)
Delusions- paranoid, believe people are running after them |
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Term
| Negative symptoms of Schizo. |
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Definition
removing something
Deficits in affect, speech, and motivation |
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Term
| Cognitive Symptoms of Schizo. |
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Definition
deficits in basic cognitive processes
not able to hold attention |
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Term
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Definition
preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations, often with themes of persecution or grandiosity
MOST COMMON |
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Term
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Definition
| disorganized speech or behavior, or flat/inappropriate emotion |
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Term
|
Definition
| immobility (or excessive purposeless movement), extreme negatism, and/ or parrot like repeating of another's speech/movements |
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Term
| Undifferentieated Schizo. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| withdrawal,after hallucinations and delusions have disappeared |
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Term
| Biological origin of Schizo. |
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Definition
| brain abnormalities, multigene (genetic factors). viral/infection( prenatal influenza virus) |
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Term
| Most people ____ the role that genetics play in mental health diorders |
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Definition
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Term
| Social psychology studies how we ___ ____. ____. and _____ to one another |
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Definition
think about
influence
relate |
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Term
|
Definition
| focus on the individual in context |
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Term
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Definition
| study real world problems (discrimination, racism, etc) |
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Term
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Definition
study in laboratory or more naturalistic- often manipulated
Ex: playboy "hooking up and risk taking |
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Term
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Definition
| involves thinking about others, especially when they engage in doing things that are unexpected |
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Term
| Fundamental Attribution Error |
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Definition
"actor-observer bias"
tendency to attribute others actions to dispositional factors and our actions to situational factors
Focus on personality rather than context |
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Term
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Definition
| a belief and feeling that predisposes a person to respond in a particular way to objects, other people and events |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency for people to agree to small request to comply later with a larger one (donations) |
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Term
| cognitive dissonance (disconnect) |
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Definition
| people feel discomfort when actions conflict with feelings and beliefs |
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Term
| peripheral route persuasion |
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Definition
| no systematic thinking but quick results from powerful imagery (advertising) |
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Term
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Definition
| evidence and arguments: more durable and likely to change behavior |
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Term
| Depressive Disorders: MUST HAVE AT LEAST ONE OF THE FIRST TWO AND AT LEAST 4 TOTAL |
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Definition
1) feeling sad for 2 wks+
2) ongoing lack of interest in once pleasurable activities
3) significant weight gain/loss
4) extreme fatigue
5) insomnia or hypersomnia
6) persistent inability to concentrate or make decisions
7) suicidal ideation |
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Term
Patterns in suicide:
_____ 2X more often than _____
_____ attempt more (3X)
_____ complete more (4X)
late ______ increases |
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Definition
whites, blacks
women
men
adulthood |
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Term
| Rate of depression higher in ________ (50%) than _________ ________ (20%) |
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Definition
identical
fraternal twins |
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Term
| Depression and neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| tend to have lower available norepinephrine and serotonin in depression |
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Term
| _______/______ style plays a major role in depression |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| roller coaster emotional mood swings from high mania to low depression |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OCD if occupies more than _____ of their time a day |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| recurring intrusive thoughts |
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Term
|
Definition
| recurring actions, often to neutralize the obsession |
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Term
| PTSD- most common trauma of PTSD is _________ , most likely is _________ |
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Definition
motor vehicle accidents
sexual assault |
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Term
|
Definition
| re-experiencing traumatic event |
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Term
| PTSD: 4 or more weeks of: |
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Definition
1) flashbacks
2) nightmares
3) social withdrawal
4) avoidance of stimuli associated |
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Term
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Definition
reinforcement
punishment
association |
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Term
| Learning perspective- fear conditioning |
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Definition
Ex: elevator meets BA Burrito
-pairing some anxious reaction with something else |
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Term
| Learning perspective: observational learning |
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Definition
| Ex; monkeys in wild vs. captivity |
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Term
| Learning perspective: cognition |
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Definition
| Ex: over prediction of danger (molly and texas sized insects) |
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Term
| Learning perspective: biological perspective |
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Definition
1) natural selection (fear of cliffs- would just walk off)
2) genetics (twin studies)
3) Brain (overactive amygdala) |
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Term
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Definition
failure to maintain healthy weight through calorie deficit
-considered most lethal in DSM |
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Term
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Definition
cycles of binging/purging but often within normal weight
-purging reduces anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Eating disorders: gender differences |
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Definition
| risk up to 3 times higher in women vs men (except binge eating) |
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Term
| Eating disorders: role of environment |
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Definition
highest rates in western, industrialized countries
higher in families with unrealistic expectations |
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Term
| Eating disorders: special populations |
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Definition
50% college women engage in disordered eating
more than 10% adolescent girls, 3% of boys binge eat or purge at least once a week
more women with anorexia nervosa than breast cancer |
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Term
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Definition
"imagined ugliness"
frequent examination of self and excessive grooming |
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Term
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Definition
bringing unconscious feelings into awareness
people change through developing insight |
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Term
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Definition
someone on couch, therapist out of view
saying out loud, normally filtered things |
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Term
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Definition
project our issues onto others
have same feelings towards someone who looks like someone else with a bad memory |
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Term
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Definition
focus on the relationship
balance b/w past events and current symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
all humans have potential for self-fulfillment
client -centered therapy |
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Term
|
Definition
it sounds like...
primary task of therapist=empathy |
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Term
| classical conditioning/counterconditioning |
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Definition
| we cant experience relaxation and fear at the same time |
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Term
| systematic desensitization |
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Definition
| working through hierarchy |
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Term
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Definition
| imagine scenes in your head and pairing that with the need to relax (clown) |
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Term
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Definition
| activate full anxiety and wait until it decreases |
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Term
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Definition
| effective for fears and phobias that can be recreated |
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Term
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Definition
| counter condition something pleasurable with something they are afraid of |
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Term
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Definition
| use of reinforcement, punishment, or extinction (tasty tasty chart) |
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Term
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Definition
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy
irrational thoughts are self defeating and influence emotions and behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions (maddie learning to ride bike) |
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Term
| Aaron Beck's Cognitive Therapy |
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Definition
dysfunctional or maladaptive thoughts lead to depression
-aims at testing our assumptions (fear of saying something stupid) |
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Term
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) |
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Definition
| behavioral activation in addition to cognitive changes |
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Term
|
Definition
| focus on family as a system with communication patterns |
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Term
|
Definition
| focus on family as a system with communication patterns |
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Term
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Definition
time and $$$
no less efective
social lab
normalizes our problems
feedback |
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Term
|
Definition
useful for controlling positive symptoms of psychosis
Side Effects: tardive dyskinesia, cotton mouth, weight gain |
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Term
|
Definition
central nervous system depressant- should not be mixed with alcohol
can be addictive |
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Term
|
Definition
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors |
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Term
|
Definition
Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
-often take 2-4 wks to feel effects
useful for disorders (anxiety, PTSD, bulimia) |
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Term
|
Definition
| effective in reducing manic symptoms of bipolar disorders |
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Term
|
Definition
-exercise
-sleep
-social connection
-nutrition |
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