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Psychological DIsorders
Key Terms
53
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
04/14/2013

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Term
What percentage of us will experience a mental illness our selves?
Definition
20
Term
What percentage of us will directly experience or know someone who experiences a mental illness in Canada?
Definition
80%
Term
What is a benefit of the medical model?
Definition
Improved treatment, more sympathy, less fear
Term
Critics of the medical model
Definition
  • Thomas Sczaz
  • Deviation from a social norm
  • A problem in living
  • But not a medical problem
Term
What is abnormality?
Definition
  • Deviation from cultural standards
  • Emotional distress
  • Self-destructive or harmful to others
Term
What are some controversies with the DSM?
Definition
  • FUnding (i.e. pharmaceutical are funding it)
  • Labeling (sometimes unclear)
  • Culturaly biased
  • More medical and less psychological
  • Distinction between disorders is often unclear
Term
How many axes does the DSM consider when making a diagnosis?
Definition
5
Term
What do the first 2 axes in DSM diagnosis mean?
Definition

Actual diagnosis

  • Axis 1: Clinical symptoms
  • Axis 2:Personality disorders and mental retardation

Traits originating before 18 years old (reflects longstanding problems)

Term
What do axes 3-5 in the DSM measure?
Definition

Extra information that needs to be considered

  • Axes 3: General medical conditions
  • Axes 4: psychological and environmental problems
  • Global Assessment of Functioning
Term
What is schizophrenia?
Definition
Group of disorders marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and deterioration of adaptive behaviour (split mind but not multiple personality)
Term
What does paranoid schizophrenia include?
Definition
Delusions of persecution
Term
What does catatonic schizophrenia include?
Definition
Striking motor disturbances
Term
What does disorganized schizophrenia include?
Definition
Extreme deterioration of adaptive behaviour
Term
What is the cause of schizophrenia according to the neurochemical model?
Definition
Exress domamine
Term
What is the brain abnormality that is said to lead to schizophrenia?
Definition
Enlarged ventricles
Term
What are personality disorders marked by?
Definition
  • Extreme, inflexible personaity traits that cause subjective distress
  • Deviated from cultural expectations
  • Stable over time
Term
What is anti-social personality disorder?
Definition
Disregard for and violation of the rights of others
Term
Which is in the DSM, anti-social personality disorder or psychopathy?
Definition
Anti-social personality disorder
Term
Psychopathy
Definition
Inherited temperament differences from normal people
Term
Sociopathy
Definition
More normal temperament, differences reflect environmental differences
Term
Mental disorder
Definition
Any behvaior or emotional state that causes an individual great suffering, is self-destructive, seriously impairs the person's ability to work or get along with others or endangers others or the community
Term
Projective tests
Definition
Psychological test used to infer a person's motives, conflicts and unconscious dynamics on the basis of the person's interpretations of ambiguous stimuli
Term
How is the reliability and validity of projective tests?
Definition
Low
Term
Objective tests
Definition
Standardized objective questionnaires requiring written responses; they typically include scales in which people are asked to rate themselves
Term
How does the reliability and validity of objective tests compare to that of projective tests?
Definition
Higher
Term
What is a limitation of objective tests?
Definition
  • Fail to account for social, ecomonic, etc. differences
  • False positives
  • Inappropriately used by untrained people
Term
Generalized anxiety disorder
Definition
A continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration and signs of motor tension
Term
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Definition
An anxiety disorder in which a person who has experienced a traumatic or life-threatening event has symptoms suh as psychic numbing, reliving trauma and increased physiological arousal
Term
Panic disorder
Definition
Anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurring panic attacks, periods of intense fear and feelings of impending doom or death, accompanied by physiological symptoms such as rapid heart rate and dizziness
Term
Phobia
Definition
An exaggerated, unrealistic fear of a specific situation, activity or object
Term
Agaraphobia
Definition
A set of phobias, ofter set off by panic attacks, involving the basic fear of being away from a safe place or person
Term
What is the fear of fears?
Definition
Agarophobia
Term
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Definition
An anxiety disorder in which a person feels trapped in repetitive, persistent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive ritualized behaviours (compulsions) designed to reduce anxiety
Term
Depletion of seratonin in prefrontal cortex is associated with
Definition
OCD
Term
Which sex does major depression occur more in?
Definition
Women, almost twice as much
Term
Major depression
Definition
A modd disorder involving disturbances in emotion (excessive sadness), behaviour (loss of interest in usual activities), cognition (thoughts of hopelessness) and body function (poor or loss of apetite)
Term
Bipolar disorder
Definition
A mood disorder in which episodes of both depression and mania occur
Term
What are the gene and chemical associated with depression?
Definition
5-HTT and seratonin
Term
Paranoid personality disorder
Definition
A disorder characterized by unreasonable, excessive suspiciousness and mistrust and irrational feelings of being persecuted by others
Term
Vulnerability-stress models
Definition
Approaches that emphasize how individual vulnerabilities interact with external stresses or circumstances to produce mental disorders
Term
Narcistic personality disorder
Definition
A disorder characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-absorbance
Term
Borderline personality disorder
Definition
A disorder characterized by intense but unstable relationships, a fear of abandonment by others, an unrealistic self-image and emotional volatility
Term
Psychopathy
Definition
A personality disorder characterized by a lack of remorse, empathy, anxiety and other social emotions; the use of deceit and manipulation and impulsive thrill seeking
Term
Antisocial personality disorder:
Definition
Characterized by a life long pattern of irresponsible, antisocial behaviour such as law breaking, violence and other impulsive reckless acts  Not all people with ASPD are psychopaths
Term
Impaired frontal0lobe functioning is associated with
Definition
Psychopathy and ASPD
Term
Dissociative identity disorder
Definition
A controversial disorder marked by the apparent appearance within one person of two or more distinct personalities, each wihts its own name and traits (formerly multiple personality disorder)
Term
Sociocognitive explanation of dissociative identity disorder
Definition
Extreme form of the ability we all have to present different aspects of our personality to different people
Term
Schizophrenia
Definition
A psychological disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized and incoherent speeh, inappropriate behaviour and cognitive impairments
Term
Psychosis
Definition
Mental condition involving distorted perceptions and irrational behaviour
Term
Catatonic stupor
Definition
Withdrawl from the world and sitting for hours without moving
Term
What brain change is associated with schizophrenia?
Definition
Enlarged ventricles
Term
What neurotransmitters are linked with schizophrenia?
Definition
Glutamate, seratonin and dopamine
Term
True or false, damage to the fetal brain increases the likelihood of schizophrenia?
Definition
True
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