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Psychoeducational Assessment week 5
week 5
30
Psychology
Graduate
10/06/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is Classification?
Definition

 

Process of forming groups from large set of entities based on similarities & differences
 
All classifications are hypotheses about the IVs (IVs are the classification entities)
Classification evaluated on:
nReliability
nValidity
nCoverage
Term
identification
Definition

-not the same as classification

-assigning entities to established classifications

Term
 LD classification occurs at multiple levels
Definition

 

nLD vs. typically achieving
nLD (unexpected) versus LA  (expected) low achievement
nLD versus intellectual disability
nReading vs. math
Term

Classification in Clinical Assessment
DSM-IV Approach

Mental Retardation

Definition

 

oMental Retardation
nMild MR (IQ 50-70 or 75)
nModerate MR (IQ 35-54)
nSevere MR (IQ 25-34)
nProfound MR (IQ <20)
Term
Individuals With Disabilities Education Act
2004
Identification for Eligibility (types)
Definition

 

oAutism
oDeaf-Blindness
oDevelopmental Delays
oEmotional Disturbance (formerly Serious Emotional Disturbance)
oHearing Impairments (including deafness)
oVisual Impairments (including blindness)
oMental Retardation
oMultiple Disabilities
oOrthopedic Impairments
oOther Health Impairments
oSpecific Learning Disabilities* (more on this later)
oSpeech or Language Impairments

Traumatic Brain Injury

Term

Classification in Clinical Assessment
DSM-IV Approach

(LD)

Definition

 

oLearning Disorders (Below expectations based on age, IQ, & education)
nReading Disorder
nMathematics Disorder
nDisorders of Written Expression
Term

Classification in Clinical Assessment
DSM-IV Approach

(PDD)

Definition

 

oPervasive Developmental Disorders
nAutistic Disorder
nRetts Disorder
nAspergers Disorder
nChildhood Disintegrative Disorder
Term

 

Classification in Clinical Assessment
DSM-IV Approach

 

 

Attention-Deficit & Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Definition

 

nAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
pPredominately Inattentive Type
pPredominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type
pCombined Type
nConduct Disorder
pChildhood Onset Type
pAdolescent Onset Type
nOppositional Defiant Disorder
Term

Classification in Clinical Assessment
DSM-IV Approach

 Communication Disorders

 

 

Definition

 

nExpressive Language Disorder
nMixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder
nPhonological Disorder
nStuttering
Term

Classification in Clinical Assessment
DSM-IV Approach

(Feeding and Eating Disorders)

Definition

 

nPica
nRumination Disorder
Feeding Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood
Term

Classification in Clinical Assessment
DSM-IV Approach

Tic Disorders

Definition

 

nTourettes Disorder
nChronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
Transient Tic Disorder
Term

Classification in Clinical Assessment
DSM-IV Approach

Elimination Disorders

Definition

 

nEncopresis
nEnuresis
Term

 

Classification in Clinical Assessment
DSM-IV Approach

 

Other Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, & Adolescence

Definition

 

nSeparation Anxiety Disorder
nSelective Mutism
nReactive Attachment Disorder
nStereotypic Movement Disorder
Term

Special Education Diagnostic Practices

Route 1

Definition

 

oRoute 1
nSensory, medical, or mental disabilities
nDiagnosed by physicians using medical histories, physical exams, & lab tests
nMost diagnosed at birth or shortly thereafter
nLittle disagreement among professionals about disability

    -Down Syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Tay Sachs, CHARGE Syndrome, Severe/Profound ID, Deaf, Blind

Term

Special Education Diagnostic Practices

Route 2

Definition

 

oRoute 2
nInvisible or high-incidence (mild) disabilities
nSLD, MMR, SLI, ED
nGreat deal of diagnostic error (false positive/false negative)
nGreat deal of professional disagreement (IOA not so good)
Term
Students Served (6-21 years) Under IDEA
Definition

SLD-52%

Speech/Lang. impairments-18.94%

MR-10.61%

ED-8.2%

 

 

First 4

account for

about 90%

of all

disabilities

Term
SLD definition
Definition

 

nSLD means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written, which may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, or do mathematical calculations. The term includes such conditions as perceptual handicaps, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia.
Term
SLD- the term does not include...
Definition
The term does NOT include children who have problems which are primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor handicaps, mental retardation, emotional disturbance, or of environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage
Term

 

Definition of SLD better at defining what its not that what it is:
Definition

 

pIt is not a sensory problem
pIts not mental retardation
pIts not emotional disturbance
pIts not being culturally, environmentally, or economically disadvantaged
Term
P.L. 94-142 Federal Regulations
(1977)
Definition

 

oInitially proposed formula defining severe discrepancy at or below 50% of expected achievement
oOverwhelming negative reaction to formula
oA team may determine that a child has a SLD if the child does not achieve commensurate with his or her age and ability levels in one or more of the areas listed.
oThis was an 11th hour compromise (2% cap threat)
 
oProcessing statutory definition & discrepancy operational definition
Term
What Things Influenced Field of LD?
Definition

 

oKirks definition (1963)
oBatemans definition (1965)
oElimination of Borderline MR category (AAMR, 1973 definition)
oIsle of Wight Studies (Rutter & Yule, 1975)
oSchools reluctance to use MR category for low achievers
nMR=Expected low achievers
nSLD=Unexpected low achievers
oState variability in SLD prevalence
nMA=10%; RI=9.6%; NJ=8.72%
nGA=3.28%; KY=3.54%; OH=4.41%
oWhy does SLD appear to be more common in Northeast than in Southeast?
oLarge differences in school-identified (SI) and research-identified (RI) samples
oBoys overrepresented in SI samples (4/1) but boys & girls equal in RI samples
oPrevalence rate of SLD increased by 300% in past 20 years
Term
Note on Isle of Wight Studies
Definition

 

oRutter & Yule (1975) study provided basis of SLD discrepancy
oIdentified 2 types of underachievement
nGeneral reading backwardness (GRB) -nondiscrepant
nSpecific reading retardation (SRR)-discrepant
 
oSeemed to support discrepancy definition of SLD
oLater research not supportive of these studies
 
Term
Eligibility Decision Matrix Under IDEIA
Disability Status
Definition

Present                             Absent

 

Special

Need            

                 ELIGIBLE                      NOT ELIGIBLE   

 

 

NO

Special

Need          NOT ELIGIBLE               NOT ELIGIBLE

 

Term
Why IQ-Achievement is Wait to Fail
Developmental Odds of SLD in Schools
Definition

 

oGrade 1 (age 6) 37,369 (out of 328,674 of all disabilities)
oGrade 2 (age 7) More than doubles
oGrade 3 (age 8) Almost doubles again
oGrade 4 (age 9) Goes up 1.5 odds
oGrade 5 (age 10) Increases by 47,000 cases
oGrade 6 (age 11) Increases by 20,000 cases
oGrade 7 (age 12) Increases by 4,000 cases & peaks
oGrades 8-12: Declines each year
**SLD rate increases over 6 fold fromGrade 1 to Grade 4
Term
Bulletin 1508
Definition

 

SLD means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, speak, think, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations.
Term

Bulletin 1508:

Learning problems not the result of:

Definition

 

nVisual, hearing, or motor disability
nMental disability
nEmotional disturbance
nCultural factors
nEnvironmental or economic disadvantage
nLimited English proficiency (LEP)
Term
Areas of Functioning
Does not meet grade level standards in:
Definition

 

oOral expression
oListening comprehension
oWritten expression
oBasic reading skills
oReading fluency skills
oReading comprehension
oMathematics calculation
oMathematics problem solving
Term
RTI for intervention implementation
Definition

 

There shall be a comprehensive & documented review of evidence-based interventions conducted with fidelity and for the length of time necessary to obtain sufficient data to determine their effectiveness. Interventions shall be appropriate to the students age & academic skill deficits & shall address the areas of concern.

Term
Classification in RTI Approach
Definition

   Outcome              Adequate              Inadequate 

    Status                  Responder           Responder 

 

 

Eligibleor                  Falsepositive                     truepositive     

needmore                                                    Sensitivity   

intense

treatment

 

 

 

Ineligible                 Truenegative                    Falsenegative  

                          Specificity    

                                               

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