Term
evidence of:
- physical abuse
- sexual abuse |
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Definition
- healed fractures on XR, cigarett burns, subdural hematomas, multiple bruises, retinal hemorrhage or detachment
- genital/anal trauma, STDs, UTI |
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Term
abuser in:
- physical abuse
- sexual abuse |
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Definition
- usually female and the 1' caregiver
- known to victim, usually male |
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Term
epidemiology
- physical abuse
- sexual abuse |
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Definition
- ~300 deaths/year in US
- peak incidence 9-12 y/o |
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Term
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Definition
| failure to provide child with adequate food, shelter, supervision, education and/or affection; most common child maltreatment; poor hygiene, malnutrition, withdrawal, impaired social/emotional development, failure to thrive |
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Term
| long term infant deprivation effects |
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Definition
| dec mm tone, poor language skills, poor socialization skills, lack of basic trust, anaclitic depression, weight loss, physical illness |
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Term
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Definition
| hyperacitivy, motor impairmment and emotional lability; limited attention span and poor impulse conrol; normal intelligence |
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Term
ADHD
- brain area
- treatment |
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Definition
- dec frontl lobe volumes
- mathylphenidate, amphetamines, atomoxetine |
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Term
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Definition
| repetitive and pervasive behaior violating social norms (physical aggression, destruction of property, theft, cruelty to animal) |
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Term
| oppositional defiant disorder |
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Definition
| enduring pattern of hostile, defiant behavior toward authority figures in absence of serious violations of social norms |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhthmic, stereotyped motor movements of vocalizations that persists for >1 year |
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Term
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Definition
| obscene speech found in only 20% of tourettes |
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Term
|
Definition
| antipsychotics (haloperidol) |
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Term
| separation anxiety disorder |
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Definition
| overwhelming fear of separation from home or loss of attachment figure; factitious physical complaints to avoid going to school |
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Term
| autistic disorder symptoms |
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Definition
| language impairment and poor social interactions; greater focus on objects that on people; repetitive behavior and usually below normal intelligence |
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Term
|
Definition
| behavioral and supportive therapy to improve communication and social skills |
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Term
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Definition
| milder form of autism; all-absorbing interests, repetitive behavior and problems with social relationships; normal intelligence and lack verbal or cognitive deficits |
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Term
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Definition
| X-linked disorder almost exclusively in girls; regression characterized by loss of development, loss of verbal abilities, MR, ataxia and stereotyped hand wringing |
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Term
| child disintegrative disorder |
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Definition
| marked regression in multiple areas of functioning after at least 2 years of pparently normal development; loss of expressive or receptive languat skills, social skills or adaptive behavior; boys |
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| NT changes in: depression |
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Definition
|
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Term
| NT changes in: alzeimer's |
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Definition
|
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Term
| NT changes in: Huntington's |
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Definition
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|
Term
| NT changes in: schizophrenia |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| NT changes in: parkinson's |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| common causes of loss of orientation |
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Definition
| alcohol, drugs, fluid/electrolyte imbalance, head trauma, hypoglycemia, nutritional deficiencies |
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Term
| "waxing and waning" level of consciousness with acute onset |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| acute changes in mental status, disorganized thinking, hallucinations, illusions, misperceptions, disturbance in sleep-wake cycle, cognitive dysfunction |
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| gradual dec in intellectual ability or "cognition" without affecting level of consciousness |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| memory deficits, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, loss of abstract though, behavioral/personality changes, impaired judgment |
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Term
|
Definition
| Alzheimer's, cerebral vascular infarcts, HIV, Pick's disease, chronic substance abuse, CJD |
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|
Term
| excesive dieting +/- purging |
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Definition
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Term
| intense fear of gaining weight, body image distortion, and inc exercise |
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Definition
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|
Term
| eating disorder that coexists with depression |
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Definition
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|
Term
| eating disorder with dec bone density |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
|
Term
| body weight often maintained with this eating disorder |
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Definition
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|
Term
| eating disorder with parotitis |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| dorsal hand calluses from induce vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
| desire to live as the opposite sea; often through surgery or hormone tx |
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Term
|
Definition
| paraphilia; wearing clothes of the opposite sex |
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Term
| signs of substance dependence |
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Definition
| tolerance; withdrawal; substance taken in larger amounts or over longer time than desired; persistent desire or unsuccessful tempt so cut down; significant energy spent on obtaining, using or recovering from substance; social, occupational or recreational activities reduced because of substance use; continue use in spite of knowledge the problem that it causes |
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Term
| features of substance abuse |
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Definition
| recurrent use resulting in failure to fulfill major obligations; recurrent use in physically hazardous situations; recurrent substance-related legal problems; continued use in spite of persistent problems caused by use |
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Term
| stages of overcoming substance addiction |
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Definition
| precontemplation, contemplation, preparation/determination, action/willpower, maintenance, relapse |
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Term
| depressants: intoxication vs withdrawal |
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Definition
intox = mood elevation, dec anxiety, sedation, behavioral disinhibition, respiratory depression
withdrawal= anxiety, tremor, seizures, insomnia |
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Term
| amotional lability, slurred speech, ataxia, coma, blackouts |
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Definition
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|
Term
| if sever can go to delirium tremens |
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Definition
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Term
| CNS depression, N/V, pinpoint pupils, constipation, seizures |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| sweating, dilated pupils, piloerection, fever, rhinorrhea, diarrhea |
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Definition
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|
Term
| low safety margin, marked respiratory depression |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| delerium, life-threatiening cardiovascular collapse |
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Definition
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Term
| ataxia, minor respirtatory depression; greater safety margin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| stimulants intoxication vs withdrawal |
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Definition
intox = mood elevation, psychomotor agitation, insomnia, carida arrhythmias, tachycardia, anxiety
withdrawal= pose-use "crash", depression, lethargy, weight gain, HA |
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Term
| impaired judgment, pupillary dilation, wakefulness and attention, delusions, hallucinations |
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Definition
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|
Term
| stomach cramps, hunger, hypersomnolence |
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Definition
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Term
| impaired judgement, pupillary dilation, hallucinations, paranoid ideations, angina, sudden cardiac death |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| suicidality, hypersomnolence, malaise, sever psychological caving |
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Definition
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|
Term
| restlessness, inc diursis, mm twitching |
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Definition
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|
Term
| irriability, anxiety, craving |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| nicotine gum, patch, or loanges; bupropion/varenicline |
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Term
| belligerence, impulsivement, fever, agitation, vertical and horizontal nystagmus, delirium |
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Definition
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Term
| depresison, anxiety, irritability, restlessness, anergia, disturbances of though and sleep |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| marked anxiety/depression, delusions, visual hallucinations, flashbacks, pupillary dilation |
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Definition
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|
Term
| euphoria, anxiety, paranoid delusions, slowed time, impaired judgment, social withdrawal |
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Definition
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|
Term
| irritability, depression, insomnia, nausea, anorexia |
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Definition
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Term
| what are heroic addicts at risk for? |
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Definition
| hepatitis, abscesses, overdose, hemorrhoids, AIDS and R-sided endocarditis |
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Term
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Definition
| long acting oral opiate; for heroin detox or long-term maintenance |
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Term
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Definition
| naloxone + buprenorphine; long acting with fewer withdrawal symptoms than methadone |
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Term
| complications of alcoholism |
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Definition
| alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, testicular atrophy |
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Term
| wernicke's encephalopathy |
|
Definition
| confusion, opthalmoplegia, and ataxia |
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Term
|
Definition
| irreversible memory loss, confabulation, personality change; anterograde memory loss and some retrograde; maxillary body destruction |
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Term
| brain lesion in wernicke-korsakoff |
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Definition
| hemorrhage/necrosis of mamilary bodies |
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Term
|
Definition
| longitudinal lacerations at GE junction caused by excessive vomiting |
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Term
|
Definition
| alcoholic anonyous, supportive care, disulfuram |
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Term
| delerium tremens symptoms |
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Definition
| automonic system hyperactivity (tachycardia, tremors, anxiety, seizures, psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusion), confusion |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| infant deprevation effects |
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Definition
| dec mm tone, poor language, poor socialization, lcm of basic trust, anaclitic depression, weight loss, physical illness |
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Term
|
Definition
| inability to remember things tha occurred before a CNS insult |
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Term
|
Definition
| inability to remember things that occurred after a CNS insult |
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Term
|
Definition
| inability to recall important personal information, usually subsequent to severe trauma or stress |
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Term
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Definition
| significant change in cognition (memory, attention, language, judgment) from previous level of functioning. associated with abnormalities in CNS, a general medical condition, medications or substance use. |
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Term
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Definition
| a distorted perception of reality characterized by delusions, hallucinations and/or disorganized thinking. with medical illness, psychiatric illness or both |
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Term
|
Definition
| perceptions in the absence of external stimuli |
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Term
|
Definition
| perceiving external stimuli as something they are not |
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Term
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Definition
| false beliefs about oneself or others that persist despite the facts |
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Term
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Definition
| disorders in the form of thought (the way ideas are tied together) |
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Term
| when see visual hallucinations |
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Definition
| more commonly in medical illness |
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Term
| when see auditory hallucinations |
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Definition
| more commonly with psych illness |
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Term
| when see olfactory hallucinations |
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Definition
| aura or a psychomotor seizure and in brain tumors |
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Term
| when see tactile hallucinations |
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Definition
| common in alcohol withdrawal and cocain abusers |
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Term
| hypnagogic hallucinations |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| hypnopompic hallucinations |
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Definition
| occurs while waking from sleep |
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Term
| 5 subtypes of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual |
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Term
| positive symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| delusions, halluciantions, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior |
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Term
| negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| flatt affect, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, lack of speech or thought |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| schizophreniform disorder |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| 2 weeks of stable mood with psychotic symptoms plus a major depressive, mani or mixed episode |
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Term
|
Definition
| fixed, persistent belief system lasting > 1 month; functioning not impaired |
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Term
| folie a deux psychotic disorder |
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Definition
| development of delusion in a person in a close relationship with someone with delusional disorder |
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Term
| dissociative identity disorder |
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Definition
| presence of 2 or more distinct identities or personality states; more common in women |
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Term
| depersonalization disorder |
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Definition
| persistent feelings of detachment or estrangement from one's own body, a social situation or the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| abrupt change in geographic location with inability to recall past, confusion about personality identity or assumption of a new identity; with traumatic circumstances |
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Term
| features of a manic episode |
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Definition
| distractability, irresponsibility, grandiosity, flight of ideas, inc activity/agitation, dec sleep, talkativeness |
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Term
|
Definition
| mood disturbance is not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social and/or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization |
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Term
|
Definition
| I = at least 1 manic; II = at least one hypomanic; mood and functioning return to normal between episodes |
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Term
|
Definition
| dysthymia and hypomania; milder and lsting at least 2 years |
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Term
|
Definition
| sleep disturbance, loss interest, guilt or feelings of worthlessness, loss of energy, loss of concentration, appetite/weight changes, psychomotor retardation, suicidal ideations |
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Term
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Definition
| milder form of depression lasting at least 2 years |
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Term
| seasonal affective disorder |
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Definition
| associated with winter season; improves in response to full-spectrum light exposure |
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Term
| atypical depression characteristics |
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Definition
| hypersomnia, overeating and mood reactivity= ability to experience improved mood in response to positive events vs persistent sadness_ weight gain and sensitivity to rejection |
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Term
|
Definition
| 50-85%; depressed affect, tearfulness and fatigue; improves within 10 days |
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Term
|
Definition
| 10-15%; depressed affect, anxiety and poor concentration; lasts 2 weeks to 2 months |
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Term
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Definition
| 0.1-0.2%; delusions, confusion, unusual behavior and possible homicidal/suicidal ideations or attempts; 4-6 weeks |
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Term
|
Definition
| painless seizure in an anesthetized patient for MDD |
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Term
| risk for suicide completion |
|
Definition
| sex, age, depression, previous attempt, ethanol or drug use, loss of rational thinking, sickness, organized plan, no spouse, social support lacking |
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Term
|
Definition
| inappropriate fear/worry and its physical manifestations; symptoms interfere with daily functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| 10 min with at least 4 of: palpitations, paresthesias, abdominal distress, nausea, intense fear of dying or losing control, intense fear of ding or losing control, light-headedness, chest pain, sweating, shaking, shortness of death |
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Term
|
Definition
| cognitive behavioral therapy, SSRIs, TCAs, benzo |
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Term
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Definition
| fear that is excessive or unreasonable and interferes with normal function; cued by presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation; tx with systematic desensitization |
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Term
|
Definition
| exaggerated fear of embarrassment in social situations |
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Term
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Definition
| recurring intrusive thoughts, feelings or sensations that cause severe distress relieved in part by the performance of repetitive actions |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior inconsistent with one's own beliefs and attitudes |
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Term
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Definition
| nightmares or flashbacks, intense fear, helplessness or horror; avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma; disturbance lasts > 1 month with onset of symptoms beginning anytime after event |
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Term
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Definition
| lasts between 2 days and 1 month |
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Term
|
Definition
| uncontrollable anxiety for at least 6 months unrelated to a specific person, situation or event; sleep disturbance, fatigue, GI disturbance and difficulty concentrating |
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Term
|
Definition
| emotional symptoms cuasing impairment following an identifiable psychosocial stressor and lasting <6 months |
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Term
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Definition
| consciously fakes or claims to have a disorder to attain a specific 2' gain; poor compliance |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic factitious disorder with predominantly physical signs and symptoms; h/o multiple hospital admission and willingness to receive invasive procedures |
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Term
| munchausen's syndrome by proxy |
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Definition
| when illness in a whole is caused by caregiver; motivation is to assume a sick role by proxy; form of child abuse |
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Term
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Definition
| variety of complaints in multiple organ systems over a period of years |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden loss of sensory or motor function, often following an acute stressor |
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Term
|
Definition
| preoccupation with and fear of having a serious illness despite medical evaluation and reassurance |
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Term
|
Definition
| preoccupation with minor or imagined defect in appearance, leading to significant emotional distress or impaired functioning; patients often repeatedly seek cosmetic surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
| prolonged pain with no physical findings; predominant focus of clinical presentation and psychological factors play a role in severity, exacerbation or maintenance |
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Term
| personality trait vs disorder |
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Definition
trait = enduring, repetitive patter of perceiving, relating to and thinking about environment and oneself
disorder= inflexible, maladaptive and rigidly pervasive pattern of behavior causing distress and/or impaired functioning |
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Term
| cluster A personality disorders |
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Definition
| paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal; odd or eccentric, inability to develop relationships, no psychosis |
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Term
| paranoid personality disorder |
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Definition
| pervasive distrust and suspiciousness; projection is major defense mechanism |
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Term
| schizoid personality disorder |
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Definition
| voluntary social withdrawal, limited emotional expression, content with social isolation |
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Term
| schizotypal personality disorder |
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Definition
| eccentric appearance, odd beliefs or magical thinking, interpersonal awkwardness |
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Term
| cluster B personality disorders |
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Definition
| antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic; dramatic, emotional or erratic; genetic associates with mood disorders and substance abuse; |
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Term
| antisocial personality disorder |
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Definition
| disregard for and violation of rights of others, criminality; malse > females; conduct if <18 |
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Term
| borderline personality disorder |
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Definition
| unstable mood and interpersonal relationships, impulsiveness, self-mutilation, boredom, sense of emptiness; females > males; splitting as a defense mechanism |
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Term
| histrionic personality disorder |
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Definition
| excessive emotionality and excitability, attention seeking, sexually provocative, overly concerned with appearance |
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Term
| narcissistic personality disorder |
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Definition
| grandiosity, sense of entitlement; lacks empathy and requires excessive admiration; often demands the best and reacts to criticism with rage |
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Term
| cluster C personality disorders |
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Definition
| avoidant, obsessiv compulsive, dependent; anxious or fearful, genetic association with anxiety disorders |
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Term
| avoidant personality disorder |
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Definition
| hypersensitive to rejection, socialy inhibited, timid, feelings of inadequacy, desires relationships with others |
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Term
| obsessive-compulsive personality disorder |
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Definition
| preoccupation with order, perfectionism and contra; ego syntonic: behavior consistent with one's own beliefs and attitudes |
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|
Term
| dependent personality disorder |
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Definition
| submissive and clinging, excessive need to be taken, low self-confidence |
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