Term
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Definition
| a closeness characterized by sensitivity to the other person's needs, open communication of feelings, acceptance of the other person as valued and separate, and empathic understanding |
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Term
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Definition
| indicates that the person is actively involved in satisfying relationships; involves high levels of belonging, mutuality, reciprocity, and interdependence |
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Term
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Definition
| Relates to a lack of involvement that is not satisfactory to the person |
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Term
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Definition
| A lack of involvement that is comfortable and acceptable to the individual |
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Term
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Definition
| When the person is involved in relationships but is unable to maintain one's own unique sense of self and ego boundaries |
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Term
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Definition
| a balance of knowing when to rely on others and when it is appropriate to be independent |
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Term
| Adaptive Social Responses |
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Definition
| ability to tolerate solitude and expression of autonomy, mutuality, and interdependence |
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Term
| Continuum of Social Responses |
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Definition
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Term
| Personality is shaped by ___ & _____ learning |
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Definition
| Biology and social learning |
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Term
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Definition
| hereditary biological dispositions, evident almost from birth, which affect mood and activity level, attention span, and responsiveness to stimulation |
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Term
| Physical differentiation occurs at about __ months of age |
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Definition
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Term
| Psychological differentiation occurs about ___ months of age |
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Definition
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Term
| The symbiotic stage of development |
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Definition
| between 3 and 18 months in which the infant is completely dependent on others |
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Term
| During infancy, feelings of ___ creates a capacity for empathic understanding in future relationships |
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Definition
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Term
| The separation-individuation stage of development |
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Definition
| period between 18 months and 3 years of age |
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Term
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Definition
| all the experiences, events, and developmental achievements that promote self-differentiation and a sense of being separate and unique |
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Term
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Definition
| the evolution of the child's internal psychological structure and growing sense of separateness, wholeness, and capability |
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Term
| Internal development of morality and empathic feelings |
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Definition
| occurs between 6 and 10 years of age |
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Term
| Helps the child develop interdependence |
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Definition
| loving, consistent limit setting that communicates caring |
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Term
| Emerges when the older child adopts the parents' guidelines for behavior |
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Definition
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Term
| Child begins to learn these concepts in school |
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Definition
- cooperation
- competition
- compromise
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Term
| Person becomes involved in an intimate relationship with a friend of the same gender by this stage |
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Definition
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Term
| Begins when the person is self-sufficient and maintains interdependent relationships with parents and peers |
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Definition
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Term
| Begins when parenting and adult friendships test the person's ability to foster independence in others |
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Definition
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Term
| Can accept whatever increase in dependence is necessary but also strives to retain as much independence as possible |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a set of patterns or traits that hinder a person's ability to maintain meaningful relationships, feel fulfilled, and enjoy life |
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Term
| Personality disorders are ____ rather than episodic as well as ___ across a wide range of circumstances in the individual's life |
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Definition
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Term
| The limitation of current medical diagnostic system for personality disorders |
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Definition
| different personality disorders overlap |
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Term
| 3 key features of personality disorders |
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Definition
- Few strategies for relating and has inflexible & maladaptive approach to relationships & environment
- Needs, perceptions, and behavior tend to foster vicious cycles that promote unhelpful patterns & provoke negative reactions from others
- Coping skills are unstable & fragile, and there is lack of resilience when faced with stressful situations
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Term
| Essential element of personality disorder diagnosis |
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Definition
| Symptoms of personality disorders are fixed and long-lasting |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes personality disorders of an odd or eccentric nature (paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal) |
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Term
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Definition
| Disorders are of erratic, dramatic, or emotional nature (antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic) |
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Term
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Definition
| Disorders of anxious or fearful nature (avoidant, dependent, and OCD) |
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Term
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Definition
| a behavior in which people treat others as objects and form relationships that center around control issues; behavior is easily misunderstood; believes in maintaining control at all times to avoid being controlled |
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Term
| Manipulators are ___ oriented or ___ oriented |
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Definition
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Term
| Antisocial personality disorder |
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Definition
| Disregard for rights of others; lies; manipulates; exploitative; seductive; involved in criminal activity; must be at least 18 y/o but must demonstrate a pattern of breaking rules since age 15 |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster A: distrust; persistent suspiciousness, secretive, withholding, hypervigilant, jealous, envious; suspects without sufficient basis that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving them |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster A: social detachment; self-absorbed; restricted emotionality; cold and indifferent; neither desires nor enjoys close relationships; anhedonic; indifferent to others; less disturbed than schizotypal |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster A: interpersonal deficits; cognitive distortions; eccentricities; paranoid; difficulty feeling understood and accepted; odd beliefs, magical thinking, unusual perceptual experiences; social isolation |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster B: disregard for rights of others; lies, manipulates; exploitative; seductive; repeatedly performs acts that are grounds for arrest |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster B: instability; impulsivity; hypersensitivity; self-destructive behavior; profound mood shifts; unstable and intense interpersonal relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster B: Excessive emotionality; attention seeking; superficial and stormy relationships; lively; uncomfortable when not the center of attention |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster B: arrogance; need for admiration; lack of empathy; seductive; socially exploitative; manipulative; grandiose sense of self-importance; fragile self-esteem |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster C: social inhibition; withdrawal from social and occupational situations that involve significant interpersonal contact; longs for relationships; inadequacy; hypersensitivity to negative criticism, rejection, or shame |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster C: submissive behavior; low self-esteem; dependency in relationships; extreme self-consciousness; urgently and indiscriminately seeks another relationship when close relationship ends; inadequate; helpless |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster C: unable to express affection; overly cold and rigid; crippling preoccupation with trivial detail, orderliness, perfectionism, and control; superior attitude |
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Term
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Definition
| Other Cluster: negativistic attitudes: sullen and argumentative, resents others, resists fulfilling obligations, complains of being unappreciated |
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Term
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Definition
| Other Cluster: depressive cognitions: gloomy, brooding, pessimistic, guilt-prone, highly critical of self and others, cheerless |
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Term
| Behavior characteristics of those who do not successfully complete separation-individuation stage of psychosocial development |
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Definition
- clinging
- depression accompanied by rage & defended by acting out
- detachment and withdrawal
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Term
| Personality disorder with one of the highest suicide rates |
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Definition
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Term
| Most prevalent personality disorder |
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Definition
| Borderline; more women then men |
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Term
| The hallmark of borderline personality disorder |
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Definition
| impulsive aggression; not consciously planned but is a defense against a fear of loneliness |
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Term
| 2 components of personality |
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Definition
| temperament (inherited) & character (learned) |
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Term
| Biological factors for antisocial personality disorder |
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Definition
- low threshold of excitability of limbic system
- low levels of serotonin
- toxic chemical substances
- low prefrontal gray matter volume
- low activity in frontal lobes
- low arousal
- poor fear conditioning
- lack of conscience
- decision-making difficulties
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Term
| Early infant biological characteristics of borderline personality disorder |
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Definition
- upset easily by age of 4 months
- accelerated HR, even in womb
- amygdalas more excitable than average
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Term
| Early infant biological characteristics of antisocial personality disorder |
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Definition
- abnormal brain processing of emotionally charged words
- unusually low HR
- slow responses to experimental rewards & punishments from early age
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Term
| Developmental factors of borderline personality disorder |
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Definition
| likely to report having been emotionally and physically abused by caretaker and sexually abused by noncaretaker |
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Term
| Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
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Definition
| condition that results from an overwhelming psychological assult |
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Term
| High ___ levels result in impaired ability to related to others |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| attempts to cope with anxiety related to threatened or actual loneliness (projection, splitting, projective identification) |
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Term
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Definition
| places responsibility for antisocial behavior outside oneself |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to integrate good and bad aspects of oneself and objects (characteristics of borderline and narcissistic) |
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Term
| Projective identification |
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Definition
| complex defense mechanism in which the patient projects parts of his/herself onto others and these people (i.e. nurses) begin to behave like the projected parts |
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Term
| Short-term goals for patients with personality disorders |
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Definition
| reduce acting-out behaviors and modify specific communication patterns |
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Term
| Increasing anxiety level before patient has increased scoping ability and environmental supports may reinforce use of __ __ __ |
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Definition
| maladaptive coping behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| a person's social environment |
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Term
| the best therapeutic milieu |
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Definition
| one in which mature, responsible behavior is expected |
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Term
| Nursing functions with patients in milieu therapy |
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Definition
- provide structured environment
- serve an emotional sounding board
- clarify & diagnose conflicts and consequences of actions
- facilitate adaptive change in behavior
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Term
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Definition
| intense emotional attachment or rejection derived from feelings about earlier personal relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| the therapist's strong reaction to the patient (positive or negative) |
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Term
| Principles of milieu treatment for cluster B personality disorders |
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Definition
- establish control with no option to escape involvement
- provide experienced, consistent staff
- implement clear structure with rules that are fair, firm, and consistently enforced
- provide support while patient learns to experience painful feelings and try out new behavioral responses
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Term
| nursing intervention to help patient's focus on strengths |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Types of Behavioral strategies |
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Definition
- social skills training
- anger management
- dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
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Term
| Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) |
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Definition
| based on assumption that temperament and unresponsive environment have made patients unable to trust their own emotional resposness or soothe themselves |
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Term
| Main medications for Cluster A disorders |
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Definition
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Term
| Main medications for Cluster B disorders |
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Definition
| mood-stabilizers or atypical antipsychotics (alone or in combination with antidepressants) |
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Term
| Main medications for Cluster C disorders |
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Definition
| serotonergic antidepressants |
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Term
| Nonverbal responses to therapeutic relationship |
|
Definition
- accessibility to nurse
- eye contact
- initiation of activities with others
- increased decision making
- assumption of leadership roles
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Term
|
Definition
- self-examination of the nurse
- patient-behavioral changes (must be validated by patient)
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Term
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Definition
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