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psychGRE - Developmental psychology
important names, etc... (2010, Kaplan material)
39
Psychology
Graduate
08/16/2010

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Term
Ainsworth, M.
Definition
devised the "strange situation" to study attachment
Term
Baumrind, D.
Definition
studied the relationship b/w parental style and aggression.
Term
Bowlby, J.
Definition
studied attachment in human children
Term
Chomsky, N.
Definition
linguist who suggested that children have an innate capacity for language acquisition.
Term
Erikson, E.
Definition
outlined eight stages of psychosocial development covering the entire lifespan.
Term
Freud, S.
Definition
outlined five stages of psychosexual development; stressed the importance of the Oedipal conflict in psychosexual development.
Term
Gesell, A.
Definition
believed that development was due primarily to maturation.
Term
Gilligan, C.
Definition
suggested that males and females have different orientations toward morality
Term
Hall, G.
Definition
the founder of developmental psychology
Term
Harlow, H.
Definition
used monkeys and "surrogate mothers" to study the role of contact comfort and bond formation.
Term
Kohlberg, L.
Definition
studied moral development using moral dilemmas
Term
Locke, J.
Definition
British philosopher who suggested that infants had to predetermined tendencies, that they were blank slates (tabulas rasa) to be written on by experience.
Term
Lorenz, K.
Definition
studied imprinting in birds.
Term
Piaget, J.
Definition
outlined four stages of cognitive development.
Term
Rousseau, J.
Definition
French philosopher who suggested that development could unfold without help from society
Term
Terman, L.
Definition
performed longitudinal study on gifted children
Term
Tryon, R.
Definition
studied the genetic basis of maze-running ability in rats.
Term
Vygotsky, L.
Definition
studied cognitive development; stressed the importance of the zone of proximal development.
Term
down's syndrome
Definition
a form of severe mental retardation that results from an extra 21st chromosome.
Term
PKU
Definition
a genetic defect in which the child lacks the enzyme needed to digest phenylalanine; can be controlled with a strict diet.
Term
Klinefelter's syndrome
Definition
found in males with an extra X chromosome
Term
Turner's Syndrome
Definition
found in females with only one X chromosome
Term
Zygote
Definition
prenatal dev. stage 1; the sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell and forms a single cell - "the zygote"
Term
germinal period
Definition
prenatal dev. stage 2; the fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube and is implanted into uterine wall
Term
embryonic period
Definition
prenatal dev. stage 3; the 8 weeks following the germinal period; embryo increases in size by 2 million percent.
Term
fetal period
Definition
prenatal dev. stage 4; begins in the 3rd month with measurable electrical activity in the fetus' brain.
Term
rooting
Definition
neonatal reflex; infants automatically turn their heads in the direction of stimuli applied to the cheek.
Term
moro
Definition
neonatal reflex; infants react to abrupt movements of their heads by flinging out their arms, extending fingers, bringing their arms back to their body and then hugging themselves.
Term
Babinski
Definition
neonatal reflex; infants' toes automatically spread apart when the soles of their feet are stimulated
Term
Grasping
Definition
neonatal reflex; infants automatically close their fingers around objects placed in their hands.
Term
sensorimotor
Definition
piaget: cog. dev. stage 1 - primary and secondary circulation reactions; object permanence develops
Term
preoperatoinal
Definition
piaget: stage 2 cog. dev. - child has not mastered conservation
Term
concrete operational
Definition
piaget: stage 3 cog. dev. - child masters conservation
Term
formal operational
Definition
piaget: stage 4 cog. dev. - person has the ability to "think like a scientist"
Term
oral
Definition
stage 1 psychosex. dev - libidinal energy centered on the mouth; fixation can lead to excessive dependency.
Term
anal
Definition
psychosexual dev. stage 2 - toilet training occurs during this time; fixation can lead to excessive orderliness or messiness
Term
phallic
Definition
psychosexual dev. stage 3 - oedipal conflict is resolved during this stage
Term
latency
Definition
psychosexual dev. stage 4 - libido is largely sublimated during this stage
Term
genital
Definition
psychosexual dev. stage 5 - begins at puberty; if previous stages have been successfully resolved, the person will enter into normal heterosexual relations
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