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| devised the "strange situation" to study attachment |
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| studied the relationship b/w parental style and aggression. |
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| studied attachment in human children |
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| linguist who suggested that children have an innate capacity for language acquisition. |
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| outlined eight stages of psychosocial development covering the entire lifespan. |
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| outlined five stages of psychosexual development; stressed the importance of the Oedipal conflict in psychosexual development. |
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| believed that development was due primarily to maturation. |
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| suggested that males and females have different orientations toward morality |
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| the founder of developmental psychology |
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| used monkeys and "surrogate mothers" to study the role of contact comfort and bond formation. |
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| studied moral development using moral dilemmas |
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| British philosopher who suggested that infants had to predetermined tendencies, that they were blank slates (tabulas rasa) to be written on by experience. |
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| studied imprinting in birds. |
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| outlined four stages of cognitive development. |
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| French philosopher who suggested that development could unfold without help from society |
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| performed longitudinal study on gifted children |
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| studied the genetic basis of maze-running ability in rats. |
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| studied cognitive development; stressed the importance of the zone of proximal development. |
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| a form of severe mental retardation that results from an extra 21st chromosome. |
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| a genetic defect in which the child lacks the enzyme needed to digest phenylalanine; can be controlled with a strict diet. |
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| found in males with an extra X chromosome |
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| found in females with only one X chromosome |
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| prenatal dev. stage 1; the sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell and forms a single cell - "the zygote" |
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| prenatal dev. stage 2; the fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube and is implanted into uterine wall |
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| prenatal dev. stage 3; the 8 weeks following the germinal period; embryo increases in size by 2 million percent. |
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| prenatal dev. stage 4; begins in the 3rd month with measurable electrical activity in the fetus' brain. |
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| neonatal reflex; infants automatically turn their heads in the direction of stimuli applied to the cheek. |
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| neonatal reflex; infants react to abrupt movements of their heads by flinging out their arms, extending fingers, bringing their arms back to their body and then hugging themselves. |
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| neonatal reflex; infants' toes automatically spread apart when the soles of their feet are stimulated |
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| neonatal reflex; infants automatically close their fingers around objects placed in their hands. |
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| piaget: cog. dev. stage 1 - primary and secondary circulation reactions; object permanence develops |
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| piaget: stage 2 cog. dev. - child has not mastered conservation |
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| piaget: stage 3 cog. dev. - child masters conservation |
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| piaget: stage 4 cog. dev. - person has the ability to "think like a scientist" |
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| stage 1 psychosex. dev - libidinal energy centered on the mouth; fixation can lead to excessive dependency. |
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| psychosexual dev. stage 2 - toilet training occurs during this time; fixation can lead to excessive orderliness or messiness |
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| psychosexual dev. stage 3 - oedipal conflict is resolved during this stage |
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| psychosexual dev. stage 4 - libido is largely sublimated during this stage |
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| psychosexual dev. stage 5 - begins at puberty; if previous stages have been successfully resolved, the person will enter into normal heterosexual relations |
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