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| the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. |
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| an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant(blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Mainly used in drug-evaluation studies. |
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| a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process. |
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| assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing pre-existing differences between those assigned to the different groups. |
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| a statistical index of the relationship between two things. |
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| a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation |
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| a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion. |
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| observing and recording behavior in naturally occuring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation. |
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| a measure of the extent to which factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. |
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| a technique for ascertaining the self- reported attitueds or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group. |
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| all the cases in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn. |
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| a self- correcting process for asking questions and observing nature's answers. |
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| an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles. |
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| examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and asseses conclusions. |
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| explains through an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. |
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| testable predicions, often implied by a theory. |
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| a statement of the procedures(operations) used to define research variables. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures. |
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| repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances. |
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| can effect experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or conditions, which the recipient assumes is an active agent. |
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| in an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable. |
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| in an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment, contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment. |
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| the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. |
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| the outcome factor, the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. |
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| the most frequently occuring scores in a distribution. |
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| the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores. |
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| the middle score in a distribution, half the scores are above it and half are below it. |
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| the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution. |
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| a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score. |
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| a symmetrical, bell-shaped cuve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fail near the mean and fewer and fewer near the extremes |
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| a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occured by chance. |
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| provide another way to move vertically through the records |
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| you can make design changes to the form while it is displaying data, so thatyou can see the effects of the canges you make immediately. |
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| lists all the database objects in the plane. each object type, tables, queries, forms, and reports, appears in its own group. |
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| rearranges teh data and objects in a database to decrease its file size, thereby making more space available on your diske and letting you open and clse the databse more quickly. |
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| the process of making a copy of the database file to protect your database against loss or damage. |
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| creates a simple report showing every field in the Contract table and places it on a tab named "contract." |
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| creates a simple form showing every field in the contract table and places it on a tab named contract. Access assigns this name because the form is based on the contract table. |
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| a question you ask about the data stored in a databse. When you create a query, you tell Acess which fields you need and what criteria Access should use to select the records that will answer your question. |
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| appears between the two sets of navigation buttons and displays the number of the current record as well as the total number of records in the table. |
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| query and table datesheets... |
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| access displays the query results in datasheet view, on a new tab named "contract list." a query datasheet is similar to a table datasheet, showing fields in columns and records in rows, but only those fields and records you want to see, as determined by the query specifications you select. |
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