Term
define:
intragroup process
intergroup process
interperonsonal |
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Definition
intragroup: process that happen within a group
Intergroup: Process that occurs between groups of people
Interpersonal: happens between two or more people |
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Term
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Definition
| when people do better on a task in presence of others than when they're alone |
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Term
| Bikers going faster when with others is attributable to which social factor? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when people do worse on a task in presence of others than when they're alone |
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Term
| from a physioloigcal stand point, why does social faciliation and social inhibition occur? |
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Definition
| presence of other people increase our physiological arousal, which enhances whatever the person's dominant tendency is on that task. |
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Term
| list the three subcategories of why social inhibition and social facilitation occur |
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Definition
mere presence
- we get energized just from having others around.
- only works when participant uncertain of others behaviour or it can't be monitored
evalution apprehension
distraction |
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Term
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Definition
| group produced reduction in individual output on easy tasks where contributions are pooled |
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Term
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Definition
| people motivated to exert effort in group tasks as depending on whether they believe their effort will be identifiable, will make a different in groups sucess, and if they'll experince postive outcomes. |
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Term
| describe the three tenants of the collecting effect model |
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Definition
identifiable contriubtions: whether people believe their own contriubtions will be recongnized. ie they won't socially loaf if outputs evaluated
contributions impact: if believe efforts will have impact on group's performance
task importance
- social compensation: if important to you may work even harder to compensate for poor performance or social loafing of others |
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Term
Group cohesion
- associated with better or worse performance ? |
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Definition
the morale, team spirt and solidarity of members of group.
associated with better performance |
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Term
| The two main ways decision making in groups is influenced by intragroup processing |
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Definition
| group polarization and groupthink |
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Term
group polarization
- risk shift
- two ways group polarization occurs |
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Definition
when initial tendencies of group members become more extreme following group discussion
- group tends to make risker decision than individs would make alone (only applies if group's initial tendency towards risky decision)
- occurs by:
- hearing more persuasive arguments
- learn group norms (knowing group norms leads us to be more confident in our own view) |
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Term
groupthink
- three tenants
- solutions |
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Definition
tendency among group members to seek concurrences and unanimity, instead of making best decision
tenants:
- overestimate invulnerability and morality
- close-mindedness (won't listen to dissenting vies from out group members )
- pressure toward uniformity
- solutions:
- open contriubtions from all group members and open to critiscism
- seek input from non-group members
- diverse members
- teach dangers of bias group decision making |
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Term
| what are the four models of group leaders (brief) |
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Definition
trait or great person model
tranasctional leader
transformational leader
contigency model |
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Term
| contrast trnasactional and transformational leaders |
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Definition
transactional : reward desirable behaviours by group members and act once mistakes or problems arise
transformational: make trust among group members, build identification with excitement about higher level group goals, examine new approaches to problem solving
transofmrational leaders have better performance because they create intrinsic motivation |
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Term
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Definition
| having a match between leaders specific traits and demands of particular situation |
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Term
a social dilemma
- 3 types |
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Definition
if all indivds make self-interested choices, result wil be worst possible outcome for everyone
- types:
- common resource dilemmas (if everyone takes as much as they want, there won't be any left)
- public goods (if no one contributes, there is no pool)
- prisoners dilemma |
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Term
| 3 factors that facilitate group performance |
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Definition
individ and group goals compatible
commitment to group goals
cooperation leads to positive outcomes |
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Term
| 5 solutions to social dilemmas |
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Definition
regulate use of resources
engage in open communication
activate altruistic motives
create small connective groups
create consequeneces for compeition |
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Term
| for prisioners experiment, how likely were asian americans to cooperate with firends and strangers when primed with chinese symbols |
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Definition
| liekly to help friends but not strangers |
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Term
| relationship between power distance and social loafing |
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Definition
| power distance predicted more loafing in situations where there was a temptation to loaf |
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Term
| does social loafing apply to collect? |
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Definition
| not really, because they want their group to seem competent regardless of own input being identified. |
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Term
| does collect work equally hard with ingroup than out group |
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Definition
| no. work harder with ingroup |
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Term
| collect or individ deal better with social dilemmas? |
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Definition
| collect, they'll work together instead of assuming everyone will act competitively like those silly americans. |
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