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| The scientific study of behavior and the mind |
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| research that reflects the quest for knowledge purely for its own sake |
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| research that is designed to solve specific, practical problems |
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| the belief that the mind is the spiritual entity not subject to physical laws that govern the body |
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| the idea that the mind and body are one and the mind is not a separate spiritual entity |
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| the concept that all ideas and knowledge are gained empirically-that is, through the senses |
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| the analysis of the mind in terms of its basic elements |
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| a school of thought that holds that psychology should study the functions of consciousness rather than its structure |
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| psychodynamic perspective |
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| A perspective that searches for the causes of behavior within the inner workings of our personality; emphasizes the role of unconscious processes |
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| the analysis of internal and primarily unconscious psychological forces |
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| psychological techniques that help us cope with anxiety and the pain of traumatic experiences |
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| object relations theories |
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| theories that focus on how early experiences with aregivers shape their viewers taht people form of themselves and others |
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| a perspective that focuses on the role of the external environment in governing our actions |
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| a school of thought that emphasizes environmental control of behavior through learning |
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| an idea that proposes that learning experiences and the environment influence our expectations and other throughts, and that in turn, our thoughts influence how we behave |
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| humanistic perspective (humanism) |
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| viewpoint that emphasizes free will, personal growth, and the attempt to find meaning in one's existence |
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| positive psychology movement |
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| movement that emphasizes the study of human strengths, fulfillment, and optimal living |
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| perspective that examines the nature of the mind and how mental processes influence behavior |
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| a school of thought that examines how elements of experience are organized into wholes |
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| a school of thought that focuses on the study of mental processes |
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| an area of psychology that uses sophisticated electrical recording and brain-imaging techniques to examine brain activity as people engage in cognitive tasks |
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| a viewpoint that maintains that what we consider "reality" is largely our own mental creation |
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| sociocultural perspective |
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| perspective that examines how social environment and cultural learning influence our behavior, thoughts, and feelings |
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| rules that specify what behavior is acceptable and expected for members of a group |
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| the process by which culture is transmitted to new members and internalized by them |
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| psychology that explores how culture is transmitted to its members and examines psychological similarities and differences that occure among people from diverse cultures |
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| an emphasis on personal goals and self-identity based primarily on one's own attributes and achievements |
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| idea in which individual goals are subordinated to those of the group and personal identity is defined largely by the ties that bind one to the extended fammily and other social groups |
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| perspective that examines how brain processes and otehr bodily functions regulate behavior |
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| behavioral neuroscience (physiological psychology) |
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| psychology that examines brain processes and other physiological functions that underlie our behavior, sensory experiences, emotions, and thoughts |
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| chemicals released by nerve cells that allow them to communicate with one another |
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| the study of how behavioral tendencies are influenced by genetic factors |
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| Darwin's thought process specifying that if an inherited trait gives certain members an advantage over others, these members will be more likely than other members to surive and pass these characteristics on to their offspring |
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| psychology that seeks to explain how evolution shaped modern human behavior |
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| the way in which one factor influences behavior depends on the presence of another factor |
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