Term
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Definition
| two or more independent variables within the same experiment |
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Term
| Between subjects factorial designs |
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Definition
| all IVs are between subjects |
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Term
| Within subjects factorial designs |
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Definition
| all IVs are within subjects |
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Term
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Definition
| contains at least on between subjects IV and one within subjects IV |
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Term
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Definition
person x environment
E=a manipulated IV (environmental factor)
P=a measured IV (participants' characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| Each number is a different level of each IV |
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Term
| Facilitated communication |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an experiment that has two or more groups of subjects each being tested by a different testing factor simultaneously |
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Term
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Definition
| an experiment in which the same group of subjects serves in more than one treatment |
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Term
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Definition
three main effects possible
three 2 way interactions possible (ex. fear x gender, fear x personality, gender x personality)
one 3 way interaction possible (ex. fear x gender x personality) |
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Term
| Quasi Experimental Designs |
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Definition
an empirical study used to estimate the causal impact of an intervention on its target population
has some features of an experimental design, but lacks key aspects of experimental control |
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Term
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Definition
IV: Design and content, when it occurs, who receives it
DV: choice of DV; how, when, for whom it’s measured
Extraneous variables: environmental events that occur during the study, participant characteristics, lack of random assignment, lack of adequate counterbalancing |
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Term
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Definition
Posttest only design: X O (X = treatment/intervention, O = observation)
Pretest-Posttest Design: O X O
Interrupted Time Series Design: O O O O O X O O O O O |
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Term
| Confounding in a one group QED: History |
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Definition
| had experience with subject matter before experiment |
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Term
| Confounding in a one group QED: Maturation |
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Definition
| natural development that comes with age |
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Term
| Confounding in a one group QED: Testing |
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Definition
| practice, or effects of taking several tests |
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Term
| Confounding in a one group QED: Instrumental |
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Definition
| problems occurring with instruments over time of study (reaction button example) |
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Term
| Confounding in a one group QED: Statistical regression to the mean |
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Definition
| the phenomenon that if a variable is extreme on its first measurement, it will tend to be closer to the average on its second measurement—and, paradoxically, if it is extreme on its second measurement, it will tend to have been closer to the average on its first |
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Term
| Confounding in a one group QED: Attrition |
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Definition
| loss of subjects over time (death, lose interest, etc.) |
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Term
| QEDs with more than one group |
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Definition
Posttest only design with a nonequivalent control group (NCG)
X O
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O
Pretest-posttest design with NCG
O(1) X O(2)
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O(1) O(2)
Interrupted Time Series Design with NCG
O O O O O X O O O O O
--------
O O O O O O O O O O |
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Term
| Confounds for QEDs with more than one group |
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Definition
Selection X (confound)
ex. Selection X History |
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Term
| Single-Case designs (single subject, small N, n=1, etc.) |
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Definition
| in which the subject serves as his/her own control, rather than using another individual/group |
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Term
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Definition
A B A B
ex. kid on monkey bars
(treatment and baseline) |
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Term
| Issues with reversal designs |
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Definition
1. Ethics of withdrawing intervention
2. What if behavior doesn't return to baseline levels during withdrawal phase? (creates ambiguity, ex. skill learning) |
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Term
| Multiple baseline designs (MBD) |
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Definition
MBD across subjects (participants)
multiple baselines of different lengths, introduced in staggered process, look to see pattern of changes happening after intervention
MBD across behaviors
tennis example (different swings)
MBD across settings/situations
video store example |
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