Term
| Absolute refractory period |
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Definition
| The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential to cannot began |
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| a brief change in a neuron's electrical charge |
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| An inherited characteristic that increased in population (through natural selection) because it helped solve a problem of survival or the reproduction during the time it emerged |
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| Axons that carry information inward to the central nervous system from the periphery of the body |
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| The chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter |
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| And this quarter that usually begins after people reach age 50 and is always fatal; it results from widespread damage to the brain, including the hippocampus, and produces deterioration in personality, emotions, cognitive processes, and memory. |
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| a chemical that opposes the action of a neurotransimtter |
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| the system of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands. |
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| a long thin fiber that transmits signals awawy from the neuron cell body to other neurons, or to muscle or glands |
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| an interdisciplinary field that studies the influence of genetic factors on behavioral traits. |
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| the brain and the spinal cord |
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| the convoluted outer layer of the cerebrum |
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| the right and left halves of the cerebrum |
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| a solution that fills the hollow cavities of the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord |
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| threadlike strands of DNA molecules that carry genetic information |
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| the structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres |
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| a limited time span in the development of an organism when it is optimal for certain capacities to emerge because the organism is especially responsive to certain experiences |
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| branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information |
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| a gene that is expressed when paired genes are heterozygous |
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| axons that carry information outward from the CNS to the periphery of the body |
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| a device that moniters the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp |
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| a group of glands that secrete chemicals into the bloodstream that help control bodily fuctioning |
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| the eintire family of internally produced chemicals that resemble opiates in structure and effects |
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| an electic potential that increases the likelihood that a postsynaptic neuron will fire action potentials |
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| the largest and most complicated region of the brain, encompassing a variety of structures including the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum |
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| twins that result when two eggs are fertilized by different sperm cells, forming two separate zygotes. |
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| DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmissions |
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| the process of determining the location and chemical sequence of specific genes of specific chromosomes |
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| a person's genetic makeup |
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| cells in the nervous system that have atleast three functions: they provide scaffolding to guide the growth of developing neurons and support mature neurons; they wrap themselves around neurons and form a kind of insulation to prevent interference from other electical signals; and they release chemicals that influence a neuron's growth and function |
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Definition
| The situation that occurs when two genes ina specific pair are different |
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| the part of the brain that includes the cerebellum and two structures found in the lower part of the brainstem: the medulla and the pons |
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| the situation that occurs when two genesin a specific pair are the same |
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| chemical substances released by the endocrine glands |
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| a structure found near the base of the forebrain that is involved in the regulation of basic biological needs |
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| twins that emerge from one zygone that split for unknown reasons. |
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Definition
| an electic potential that decreses the likelihood that a postsynaptic neuron will fire action potentials |
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Definition
| a relatively short neuron whose primary task is to make connections between other neurons |
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| destroying a piece of the brain |
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| a densely connected network of structures roughly located along the border between the cerebal cortex and deeper subcortial areas |
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| the segment of the brain stem that lies between the hindbrain and the forebrain |
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| a mating system in which one male and one female mate exclusively or almost exclusively, with each other |
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| a spontaneous, heritable change in a piece of DNA that occurs in the individual organism |
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| insulating material, derived from glial cells, that encases some axons of neurons |
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| ...you know what natrual selection is |
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| bundles of neuron fibers that are routed together in the peripheral nervous system |
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| individual cells in the nervous system that recieve, integrate and transmit information |
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| chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another |
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| the branch of the autonomic nervous system that generally conserves bodily resources |
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Definition
| left-right imbalances between the cerebral hemispheres in the speed of visual or auditory processing |
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Term
| Peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| all those nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord |
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| the ways in which a person's genotype is manifested in observable characteristics |
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| the master gland of the endocrine system; it releases a great variety of hormones that fan out through the body, stimulating actions in the other endocrine glands |
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Definition
| a mating system in which each female seeks to mate with multiple males, while each male mates with only one female |
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Definition
| charateristics that are influenced by more than one pair of genes |
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Definition
| a mating system in which each male seeks to mate with multiple females, while each female mates with only one male |
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Definition
| a voltage change at the receptor site on a postsynaptic cell membrane |
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| a gene whose influence is masked when paired genes are different |
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| a process in which neurotransmitters are sponged up from the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic membrane |
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| the cell body of a neuron; it contains the nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells |
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| the system of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and to sensory receptors |
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| the branch of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body's resources for emergencies |
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| a junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the next |
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| a microscopic gap between the terminal button of a neuron and the cell membrane and another neuron |
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| small knobs at the end of axons that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters |
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| a structure in the forebrain through which all sensory information must pass to get to the cerebral cortex |
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| a one celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and an egg |
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