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Definition
| Movie clip about cocaine, couple, I don't want the drug but I need it, talks about how it ruins their lives |
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Definition
| chemicals introdiced into the body which alter perceptions, mood, and other elements of conscious experience |
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Definition
| diminished psychoactive effects after repeated use, feeds addiction because users take increasing amounts |
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Definition
| after the benefits wear off, can be painful, body readjusting to absence of drug, worsens addiction because users want to use drug to end withdrawal symptoms |
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Term
| Drug psychological dependence |
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Definition
| a persons resources for coping with daily activity as drug becomes needed to relax, socialize, or sleep |
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Definition
| tolerance, withdrawal, using more than intended, failed attempts to regulate use, activities reduced, use despite adverse consequences |
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Definition
| Alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, opiates, bind to GABA, elicit inhibition, produce chemical activities |
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Term
| What does alcohol do to your body? |
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Definition
| Slows neural processing, reduced sympathetic nervous system, reduced memory formation, impaired self control and judgement, increased accidents and aggression, makes you lose brain tissue and allows more cerebral spinal fluid to be pulled in |
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| What do Barbiturates do to your body? |
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Definition
| tranquilizers, drugs that depress central nervous system, reducing anxiety and inducing sleep, dangerous, reduced memory, judgement, concentration, can lead to death if combined with alcohol |
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Definition
| addictive depressants, morphine, heroin, euphoria, binds to the same sites where endorphins would bind |
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Definition
| Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, meth, cocaine, ecstasy, dialated pupils, increased breath, decreased appetite |
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| What does caffeine do to your body? |
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Definition
| adds energy, disrupts sleep for 3-4 hours, can lead to withdrawal symptoms if used daily, irritability, fatigue, depression |
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Term
| What does nicotine do to your body |
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Definition
| Arouses brain, increases heart rate and BP, relaxes muscles and triggers release of neurotransmitters that reduce stress, suppresses appetite for carbs |
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Definition
| blocks reuptake, dopamine, serotonin, norepinphrine, causes euphoria for at least 45 minutes, users develop tolerance |
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Definition
| 8 hours of euphoria, all consuming, can't get out seizures, irritability, insomnia, taking things apart |
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Definition
| MDMA, stimulant that effects dopamine and changes serotonin, dehydration, overheating, high blood pressure, damaged serotonin producing neurons, can cause depressed mood, disrupted sleep and memory |
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Definition
| THC, there are beneficial effects, amplifies sensations, disinhibits impulses, euphoric mood, lack of ability to sense, we have receptors built in for this from birth because we have cannabinoids in our bodies |
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Term
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Definition
| mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating information, reasoning, judgement |
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Definition
| mental grouping of similar objects, events, states, ideas, and or people |
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Definition
| How we form concepts, mental images of the best example of a prototype |
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Definition
| the thinking we do in order to answer a complex question or figure out how to resolve an unfavorable situation |
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| various possible solutions, try another if one fails |
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Definition
| step by step strategy, ie methodical path to find apple juice in the store |
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Definition
| short cut thinking strategy, possible error, ie looking for apple juice in store, only look at related aisles |
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Definition
| sudden realization, leap forward in thinking that leads to a solution |
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Definition
| our tendency to search for information which confirms out current theory, disregarding contradictory evidence |
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Definition
| procedures and methods that have worked previously |
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Definition
| quick acting automatic source of ideas we use instead of careful reasoning |
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Definition
| availability of heuristics misleads us about whether a plane ride or motorcycle is more dangerous, many experiences available for forming judgement, tend to give more weight to some experiences rather than others |
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Definition
| holding on to your ideas over time and actively rejecting information that contradicts it, less internal conflict more social conflict |
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Definition
| the amount of variation that is apparently explained by genetic factors |
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Definition
| use of symbols to represent, transmit, and store meaning and information, patterns, sounds, visual representations, movements |
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Definition
| unites of meaning, words, prefixes and suffixes |
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Definition
| smallest unit of sound, can detect all of them when we're born, lose that ability |
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Term
| Language talents and stages: 1-4 months |
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Definition
| receptive language, associating sounds wth facial movements, recognizing when sounds are broken into words |
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Term
| language talents and stages: 4 months |
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Definition
| productive language, babbling in multilingual sounds and gestures |
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Term
| Language talents and stages: 10 months |
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Definition
| babbling sounds like parent household language |
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Term
| Language talents and stages: 12 months |
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Definition
| one word stage, many nouns |
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Term
| Language talents and stages: 18-24 months |
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Definition
| two words, verbs to make little sentences |
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Term
| language talents and stages: 24+ months |
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Definition
| speaking full sentences and understanding complex sentences |
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Term
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Definition
| Researcher at MIT, thought that we have inborn universal grammar and syntax |
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Term
| Role of experience in language |
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Definition
| statistical pattern recognition, patterns and syllable frequency, preparing to learn words and syntax, BF Skinner and operant learning we need association, imitation, and reinforcement to learn language |
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Term
| Genie: the secret of a wild child video |
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Definition
| girl raised feral, tied to a chair, never learned language, had difficulties learning language because she had passed the critical period, another boy like this in france a long time ago |
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Term
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Definition
| impairment in ability to produce or uncerstand language, can be caused by damage in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| left temporal lobe, damage there leads to difficulty putting words into sentences, or sometimes speaking single words, but they can sing a song |
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Term
| Wernicke's area in the brain |
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Definition
| left temporal lobe, damage here leads to difficulty in comprehending speech and producing coherent speech, can't monitor one's own speech to make sure it makes sense |
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Term
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Definition
| something that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal |
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Term
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Definition
| medal of honor recipient from actions on october 25, 2007, mission rock avalanche, went back to get his friends |
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Definition
| Cut off his own arm when trapped on a cliff in utah 2003 |
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Definition
| idea that humans are motivated to reduce drives like hunger and thirst, to reduce the feeling and restore homeostasis |
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Term
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Definition
| Arousal can lead to better performance, but too much arousal can interfere, moderate arousal may be best |
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Definition
| proposed that humans strive to ensure that basic needs are satisfied, then they find motivation to pursue goals that are higher on his proposed hierarchy |
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Term
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Definition
| Top (least important) self transcendence, self actualization, esteem needs, belongingness and love needs, safety needs, physiological needs Bottom (most important) |
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Term
| What did aristotle say we need besides food and sex? |
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Definition
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Term
| what did Adler say we need besides food and sex? |
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Definition
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| What did Maslow, leary, and Maumeister say we need more than food and sex? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stomach tells brain it needs food, induces stomach contractions |
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Term
| Receptors in the digestive system monitor levels of glucose and send signals to the _________ in the brain to release appetite stimulating hormones |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a weight most mammals have, stable, can change with economic and cultural conditions, settling point |
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Term
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Definition
| disliking new tastes, may have helped protect our ancestors |
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Term
| How much do we eat? Social fluctuation |
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Definition
| the presence of others accentuates our typical eating habits |
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Term
| How much do we eat? Unit Bias |
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Definition
| we may only eat one serving of food, but will eat moreif serving size is larger |
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Term
| How much do we eat? Buffet affect |
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Definition
| we tend to eat more with more selections |
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Term
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Definition
| genes seem to have a role in how much people weigh, even if raised on different diets in different households |
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Term
| How to most effectively lose weight |
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Definition
| begin by understanding how metabolism changes, self acceptance, make gradual and consistent changes, increase exercise |
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Term
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Definition
| Body response happens before thought of emotion, afraid because we tremble, diving bell and butterfly movie may discredit this theory |
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Term
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Definition
| The body response happens at the same time as thoughts about an emotion, run parallel, not separate mental experiences |
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Term
| Singer-Schacter two factor theory |
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Definition
| Body+thoughts/cognitive label, emotions do not exist until we have a label on them |
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Term
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Definition
| body/brain without conscious thought for emotions, low road (avoiding cortex, little cognition), amygdala response without being aware of reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| ten basic emotions at birth: contempt, shame, guilt, joy, anger, interest, disgust, surprise, sadness, fear |
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Term
| Brains pattern hemispheric differencesL: positive |
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Definition
| left, approach, joy, love, goal seeking, details |
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Term
| Brains pattern hemispheric differences: negative |
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Definition
| right, disgust, fear, anger, depression, big picture |
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Term
| Introverts are ___ at detecting emotions |
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Definition
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Term
| Extroverts are ___ at detecting emotions |
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Definition
| worse, but their emotions are easier to read |
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Term
| demonstration: those who have been abused looking at sad-> angry faces vs those who have not been abused |
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Definition
| people who have been abused see the face as being angry earlier on than those who have not |
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Term
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Definition
| the phases of stress response and adaptation, and how stress and health are affected by appraisal and severity of stressors, among other things |
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Term
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Definition
| an event or condition which we view as threatening, challenging, or overwhelming |
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Term
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Definition
| deciding whether to view something as a stressor |
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Term
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Definition
| any emotional and physical responses to the stressor, rapid heartbeat, elevated corticol levels, and crying |
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Term
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Definition
| stressor, appraisal, response, coping |
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Term
| Stressful event; threat vs challenge |
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Definition
threat: distraction, being scared of it
Challenge: aroused and focused |
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Term
| why is brief stress experience beneficial? |
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Definition
| improves immune response, motivates action, helps you focus on priorities, helps you feel engaged, energized, and satisfied, provides challenges that encourage growth, knowledge, and self esteem |
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Term
| Why is extreme or prolonged stress problematic? |
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Definition
| mental and physical coping systems become overwhelmed and defeated rather than strengthened, immune functioning and other health factors decline because of damage |
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Term
| what are the four categories of stressors? |
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Definition
| catastrophes, significant life changes, chronic daily hassles, low social status |
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Term
| How does our body react when we encounter sudden trauma to increase resistance to threat and hard? |
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Definition
| 1. fight or flight activated 2. brain sends signals to adrenal glands to produce stress hormones "resistance" 3. exhaustion |
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Term
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Definition
| study of how interacting psychological, neural, and endocrine processes affect health |
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Term
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Definition
| no longer used, has come to mean imagined illness, but it is real |
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Term
| How does the immune system battle bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| how does the immune system battle cancer cells and viruses? |
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Definition
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Term
| how does the immune system battle worn out cells that need to be replaced? |
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Definition
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Term
| how does the immune system battle diseased cells? |
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Definition
| killer t cells, natural killer cells |
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Term
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Definition
| THE BLOOD VESSELS THAT PROVIDE OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS TO THE HEART MUSCLE BECOME CLOGGED, NARROWED, AND CLOSED (sorry didn't mean to caps lock this) |
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Term
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Definition
| high levels chronically can damage the body, headaches, high blood pressure, immune suppression, heart disease |
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Term
| Learning about stress from baboons: Robert Sapolski video |
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Definition
| monkeys of lower rank had higher blood pressure, one group encountered TB which killed off leaders, non social alpha males, left many females and less aggressive males, transformed the atmosphere into a more peaceful group |
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Term
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Definition
| reducing the emotional impact of stress by getting support, comfort, and perspective from others, ignoring the problem, stressor is something we cannot change |
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Term
| Rat experiment with shocks, control, one who controlled shock, and one who had no control |
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Definition
| the rat with no control had worse health |
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Term
| Locus of control, internal |
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Definition
| feel that we are in charge of ourself and our circumstances, blame ourselves for bad events, illusion that we have the power to prevent |
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Term
| Locus of control, external |
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Definition
| picture that a force outside of ourselves controls our fate, no willpower, lose initiative and motivation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| we can assume that we or others are useless, or that we are lovable and have value |
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Term
| Aerobic exercise for mental health |
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Definition
| reduces depression and anxiety and improves management of stress, high confidence, vitality, energy, good mood |
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Term
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Definition
| optimal human functioning, Martin Seligman, finding ways to thrive, building strengths, virtue, well being, resilience, optimism, learned helplessness |
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