Term
| therapeutic approaches for antisocial personality disorder |
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Definition
stimulants are prescribed and beneficial in the short term.
anti-anxiety drugs reduce hostility levels
lithium helps treat the aggressive and impulsive behavior
Psychotherapeutic approaches show little success but behavioral and cognitive approaches can be somewhat successful |
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Term
| pharmacological treatment of ADHD |
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Definition
| treated with Ritalin which has similar effects to caffeine but it is more potent. The drug decreases overactivity and distractibility and increases attention and the ability to concentrate. |
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Term
| behavioral treatment of ADHD |
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Definition
| aims to reinforce positive behaviors and ignore or punish problem behaviors. the combination of medication and behavioral therapy is more effective than either treatment alone. |
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Term
| applied behavioral analysis to autism |
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Definition
| an intensive treatment for autism, based on operant conditioning they teach patients that behaviors that are reinforced for increase in frequency while behaviors that are not reinforced should be extinguished |
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Term
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Definition
| theorists who believe that behavior is determined jointly by underlying dispositions and situations |
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Term
| cultural differences in personality |
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Definition
| studies have proven that difference in the "big 5" exist across nations, though these differences are moderate and not reflected in self reports |
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Term
| behavioral approach system |
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Definition
| the brain system involved in the pursuit of incentives or rewards - found more in extroverts |
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Term
| behavioral inhibition system |
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Definition
| the brain system that is sensitive to punishment and therefore inhibits behavior that might lead to danger or pain - found more in introverts |
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Term
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Definition
| childhood temperaments predict behavioral outcomes in early adulthood |
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Term
| age-related change in personality |
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Definition
| while personality is relatively stable over time, aging can lead to someone becoming less neurotic, less extraverted, and less open to new experiences. They become more agreeable and more conscientious |
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Term
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Definition
| dispositional traits determined by biological processes; they are stable over time |
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Term
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Definition
| adjustments to situational demands - they tend to be somewhat consistent because they are based on skills, habits, roles etc. |
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Term
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Definition
William James and George Herbert Mead developed theories of the self
referring to the self as an object ("me") is the objectified self
the self is the subject doing the thinking, feeling and activing. it is involved in executive functions such as choosing, planning, and exerting control. The o.s. is the knowledge the subject holds about itself, such as its bet and worst qualities - self awareness |
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Term
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Definition
Tory Higgins - the theory that the awareness of differences between personal standards and goals leads to strong emotions
ex. you think youre lazy but would like to be hard-working so you feel disappointed, frustrated and depressed - you are AWARE of a discrepancy between seeing yourself as lazy and wanting others to see you as hardworking |
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Term
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Definition
| the immediate experience of self - it is limited to the amount of personal information that can be processed cognitively at any given time |
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Term
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Definition
| people's self-esteem is based on how they believe others perceive them - people internalize the values and beliefs expressed by important people in their lives, adopting those attitudes as their own |
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Term
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Definition
| an internal monitor of social acceptance or rejections - people with high self-esteem have low probability of rejection and visa versa. |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that self esteem protects an individual from the horror of knowing they will eventually die. |
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Term
| better-than-average-effect |
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Definition
| most people describe themselves as above average in nearly every way |
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Term
| self-evaluative maintenance |
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Definition
| a theory in which people can feel threatened when someone close to them outperforms them on a task that is personally relevant |
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Term
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Definition
| when a person evaluates their own actions, abilities, and beliefs by contrasting them with another person's - they are important in understanding actions and emotions |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors |
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