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Psych Test
Part 4
22
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/07/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
therapeutic approaches for antisocial personality disorder
Definition
stimulants are prescribed and beneficial in the short term.
anti-anxiety drugs reduce hostility levels
lithium helps treat the aggressive and impulsive behavior
Psychotherapeutic approaches show little success but behavioral and cognitive approaches can be somewhat successful
Term
pharmacological treatment of ADHD
Definition
treated with Ritalin which has similar effects to caffeine but it is more potent. The drug decreases overactivity and distractibility and increases attention and the ability to concentrate.
Term
behavioral treatment of ADHD
Definition
aims to reinforce positive behaviors and ignore or punish problem behaviors. the combination of medication and behavioral therapy is more effective than either treatment alone.
Term
applied behavioral analysis to autism
Definition
an intensive treatment for autism, based on operant conditioning they teach patients that behaviors that are reinforced for increase in frequency while behaviors that are not reinforced should be extinguished
Term
interactionists
Definition
theorists who believe that behavior is determined jointly by underlying dispositions and situations 
Term
cultural differences in personality
Definition
studies have proven that difference in the "big 5" exist across nations, though these differences are moderate and not reflected in self reports
Term
behavioral approach system
Definition
the brain system involved in the pursuit of incentives or rewards - found more in extroverts
Term
behavioral inhibition system
Definition
the brain system that is sensitive to punishment and therefore inhibits behavior that might lead to danger or pain - found more in introverts
Term
stability of personality
Definition
childhood temperaments predict behavioral outcomes in early adulthood
Term
age-related change in personality 
Definition
while personality is relatively stable over time, aging can lead to someone becoming less neurotic, less extraverted, and less open to new experiences. They become more agreeable and more conscientious 
Term
basic tendencies
Definition
dispositional traits determined by biological processes; they are stable over time
Term
characteristic adaptions
Definition
adjustments to situational demands - they tend to be somewhat consistent because they are based on skills, habits, roles etc. 
Term
objectified self
Definition

William James and George Herbert Mead developed theories of the self 

referring to the self as an object ("me") is the objectified self

the self is the subject doing the thinking, feeling and activing. it is involved in executive functions such as choosing, planning, and exerting control. The o.s. is the knowledge the subject holds about itself, such as its bet and worst qualities - self awareness

Term
self-discrepancy theory
Definition

Tory Higgins - the theory that the awareness of differences between personal standards and goals leads to strong emotions 

ex. you think youre lazy but would like to be hard-working so you feel disappointed, frustrated and depressed - you are AWARE of a discrepancy between seeing yourself as lazy and wanting others to see you as hardworking 

Term
working self-conept
Definition
the immediate experience of self - it is limited to the amount of personal information that can be processed cognitively at any given time
Term
reflected appraisal 
Definition
people's self-esteem is based on how they believe others perceive them - people internalize the values and beliefs expressed by important people in their lives, adopting those attitudes as their own
Term
sociometer
Definition
an internal monitor of social acceptance or rejections - people with high self-esteem have low probability of rejection and visa versa. 
Term
terror management theory
Definition
the theory that self esteem protects an individual from the horror of knowing they will eventually die. 
Term
better-than-average-effect
Definition
most people describe themselves as above average in nearly every way
Term
self-evaluative maintenance 
Definition
a theory in which people can feel threatened when someone close to them outperforms them on a task that is personally relevant
Term
social comparisons 
Definition
when a person evaluates their own actions, abilities, and beliefs by contrasting them with another person's - they are important in understanding actions and emotions
Term
self-serving bias
Definition
the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors 
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