Term
| bystander intervention effect |
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Definition
| the failure to offer help by those who observe someone in need |
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Term
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Definition
| the characteristic thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors that are relatively stable in an individual over time and across circumstances |
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Definition
| a characteristic; a dispositional tendency to act in a certain way over time and across circumstances |
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Term
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Definition
| Freudian theory that unconscious forces, such as wishes and motives, influence behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| according to Freud, the developmental stages that correspond to the pursuit of satisfaction of libidinal urges (in early childhood) - libido is focussed on the erogenous zones: mouth, anus and genitals |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the psychosexual stages, from birth to 18 months, when pleasure is sought through the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| two to three years old, child is focussed on potty training - focus on the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| age three to five, children direct pleasure to the genitals, often rubbing them for pleasure though with no inherent sexual intent |
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Term
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Definition
| in psychodynamic theory, the component of personality that is completely submerged in the unconscious and operates according to the pleasure principle |
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Definition
| in psychodynamic theory, internalization of societal and parental standards of conduct |
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Definition
| in psychodynamic theory, the component of personality that tries to satisfy the wishes of the id while being responsive to the dictates of teh superego |
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Term
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Definition
| unconscious mental strategies the mind uses to protect itself from conflict and distress |
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Term
| humanistic approaches to personality |
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Definition
| approaches to studying personality that emphasize personal experience and belief systems; they propose that people seek personal growth to fulfill their human potential |
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Term
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Definition
| discrete categories based on global personality characteristics |
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Term
| trait approach of personality |
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Definition
| an approach to studying personality that focuses on the extent to which individuals differ in personality dispositions |
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Term
| Eysenck's Hierarchical Model of Personality |
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Definition
| Extraversion (for example) is a superordinate trait made up of sociability, dominance, assertiveness, activity, and liveliness. Each of these subordinate traits is made up of habitual and specific responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that personality can be described using five factors: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism |
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Term
| Idiographic approaches to personality |
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Definition
| person-cenetered approaches to studying personality that focus on individual lives and how various characteristics are integrated into unique persons |
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Term
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Definition
| approaches to studying personality that focus on how people vary across common traits |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that behavior is determined more by situations than by personality traits - people can be inconsistent |
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Term
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Definition
| the generic name given to formal psychological treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment based on medical approaches to illness and to disease |
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