-the state of awareness of things around and inside of you

-different gradations of being awake or asleep

•altered state of consciousness

-internal biological rhythm that lasts about a day

-regulates kidney function, temperature and appetite

-set by the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS in the THALMUS

•diurnal

-focus so much on one thing that you don't notice things that change around you

EX: city street experiment

-periodic and reversable lack of consciousness

-has 5 stages

-beginning to lose consciousness

•halucinations

•muscle tone relaxes

•brain is active

-brain falls more asleep

•activity slows

•sleep spindles

•talking

-transitionary stage

•slow sleep stage

-slowest brain waves (delta waves)

•no sleep spindles

•bed wetting

-"rapid eye movement" sleep

-brain activity seems high

-sleep paralysis

•active dreams but actions don't pass brain stem

-newborns = 18/20 hours

•1 yr= 12 hr at night

•1+ =naps and 10-12 hrs/night

-school age = 10-12 hours/night and no nap

-average adult = 9 hours/night

-PEOPLE UNDERGOING PUBERTY NEED MROE SLEEP

-elderly need less

-feel tired and bad→ extends into mood

-prone to illness→ high sleep debt leads to tired immune system

-make mistakes

•reaction time sucks

•decision making sucks

-evolutionary protective mechanism→sleep to protect us from predators @night

-restorative function

-growth may occur during sleep

•growth horomones peak @ darkest hour

•as we age we need less sleep →correlation between sleep needed and growth happening

-the inability to sleep, 2 kinds

-phase delayed insomnia→want to sleep but cant

-phase advanced insomnia→wake up early and can't get back to sleep

-sleep seizures →attacks of severe sleeping during the day

•catoplexy-sudden loss of muscle tone, sleep paralysis

-high doses of ridaline keep them awake

-nightmare that happens in stage 4 sleep

-not paralyzed→act out dream

-let it pass

-most common in 2-6 yr olds

-PTSD, Parkinsons and Altzheimers

-Freudian developed

-it is the content of the dream

-Freudian developed

-meaning assigned with the images/content of the dream

Freudian Theory for the Necessity of Dreams

-dreams are our expression of unconscious wishes

-manifest content is actual content

-when we are learning/remembering we need to dream about it to finish learning it.

-REM sleep is critical for learning

-change the way you think, feel, and act

-change the way neurotransmitters act in brain

-physical/psychological need for drug to function @normal level

-feel like you need drug to cope

-physical→negative symptoms that are opposite effect of drug. negative and unpleasant

-psychological→extreme agitation, stress, nervous, depression

-reduces brain activity and slows body functions

-happens in frontol cortex

-opiate drugs are also depressants→short term for pain, less likely for addiction

•heroine

•vicadin

•morphine

•percaset

Stimulants

-speed up bodily functions and tend to create a feeling of euphoria

-acts in nucleus accumbens→area of mid brain that releases dopamine. biological reward system

•caffeine and nicotine→highly addictive and stimulant, hardest to get off of

•amphetamine drugs→meth, speed. highly addictive

•ecstacy (MDMA)→stimulant, hallucinogen, need to move around and chew

•Cocaine→high dopamine

-drugs that distort or create false sensations and perceptions in users

•LSD→most commonly used, not addictive. HIGH serotonin. no dopamine

•Marijuana→mild. some serotonin. works in gabba and glutamate

-reduces interoccular eye pressure, appetite stimulant, reduces pain

-a way of organizing information

-memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices