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Definition
| the processing of information into the memory system |
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Definition
| the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system |
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Definition
| activated memory that holds a few items briefly |
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Definition
| the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system |
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Term
| spaced practice aka spacing effect |
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Definition
| the tendancy for distributed study or practice to remember facts more long term |
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Definition
| our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list |
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Definition
| memory aids, typically using vivid imagery and/or organizational devices |
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Definition
| organizing items into familiar manageable units |
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Definition
| retrieving previous learned knowledge |
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Definition
| identifying items previously learned |
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Definition
| assesses the amount of time saved when learning material a second time |
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Definition
| the retention of encoded info over time |
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Definition
| the process of getting info out of memory storage |
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Term
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Definition
| the immediate recording of sensory information |
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Term
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Definition
| unconscious encoding of incidental information |
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Definition
| encoding that requires attention and conscious effort |
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Term
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Definition
| conscious repetition of information |
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Definition
| momentary sensory of visual stimuli |
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Definition
| momentary sensory of auditory stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation |
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Definition
| a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event |
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Term
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Definition
| retention independent of conscious recollection |
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Definition
| memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know |
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Term
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Definition
| a neural center that is located in the limbic system |
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Term
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Definition
| the activation of particular associations in memory, often done unconciously |
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Definition
| the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood |
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Definition
| the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new info |
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Term
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Definition
| the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information |
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Term
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Definition
| in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories |
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Term
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Definition
| incorporating misleading info into one's memory of an event |
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Term
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Definition
| attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard, read, or imagined |
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Term
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Definition
| the mental activites associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
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Definition
| a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people |
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Definition
| a mental image or best example of a category. |
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Definition
| a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem |
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Definition
| a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently |
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Term
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Definition
| a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem |
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Term
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Definition
| a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental setting |
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Term
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Definition
| a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past |
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Term
| representativeness heuristic |
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Definition
| judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particulary prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information |
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Term
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Definition
| estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common. |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to be more confident than correct--to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments |
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Term
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Definition
| clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited |
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Definition
| an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning |
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Definition
| the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments |
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Definition
| our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language |
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Term
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Definition
| the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words |
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Definition
| beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two word statement. |
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Definition
| early speech stage in which a child uses mostly nouns and verbs |
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Definition
| defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group |
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Term
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Definition
| the bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, fewer score lie near the extremes |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting. |
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Term
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Definition
| extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest |
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Term
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Definition
| success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior |
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Definition
| the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| a self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype |
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