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| Any (relatively) permanet change in (potential) behavior resulting from experience. |
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| Stop responding to a stimulus due to familiarity. |
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| increased response to familiar stimulus. (opposite of habituation). |
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| Associative learning. Learn signaling properties of events. A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone. |
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evokes an unconditioned response
Ex: smell steak on grill (UCS), start salivating (UCR) |
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Evokes a Conditioned Response
Ex: Blue Light(NS) paired with steak(UCS), eventually blue light(CS) alone elicites salivation(CR). |
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| Anything that increases likelihood of behavior. |
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| Anything that decreases likelihood of behavior. |
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| ADD stimulus right after response. EX: give praise for good work. |
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| REMOVE stimulus right after response EX: use umbrella to avoid getting wet. |
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| ADD stimulus right after response EX: critcism or spanking |
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| REMOVE stimulus right after response EX: parents remove TV watching rights after child misbehaves. |
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Only Sometimes
- Fixed ratio
- Fixed interval
- Variable Ratio
- Variable interval
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| Reinforcement after every nth response EX: a paper route pays $10 for every 30 delived papers |
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| reinforcement after random number of responses EX: you are paid $10 for every 5 times (on average) that you take out the trash. |
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| reinforcement after every n seconds/min/hours/days EX: every third class you get a bonus point |
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| Reinforcement after random amount of time has elapsed EX: checking email |
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| cell body, dendrites, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminals. |
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| "All or none" signal of excitation that travels on from cell body toward terminal button. |
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| All neurotransmittters either inhibit or excite the postsynaptic neuron |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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| axons that convey messages btwn spinal cord and body |
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| somatic nervous system of peripheral nervous system |
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| communicates with skin and muscles |
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| autonomic nervous system of peripheral nervous system |
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| controls involuntary muscles |
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| sympathetic nervous system of autonomic nervous system |
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| extends energy (Fight or Flight) |
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| Parasympathetic nervous system in autonomic nervous system |
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| conserves energy (Rest and Digest) |
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| sensory information, coordination, motor control |
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| Autonomic Functions: breathing, blood pressure, heart rate. |
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| sensory relay station, arousal, respiration |
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Primary somatosensory cortex
- Touch, pain, temp, awareness, of location and body parts.
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| processing of hearing and complex vision |
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| emotionally arousing events and facial expressions |
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| Relay station for incoming sensory information |
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Species-Typical behavior
- fighting, feeding, fleeing, mating
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| the idea that a stimulus can influence our behavior even when it is presented so faintly or briefly or along with such distracters that we do not perceive it consciously. |
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| We begin recognition by breakinf complex stimulus |
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| A field that focuses on our ability to perceive overall patterns "whole is different from sum of parts" |
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| stimuli that can be perceived in more than one way. |
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| perceive objects close to each other as forming a group |
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| Perceive objects that resemble each other |
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| eye is compelled to move through 1 object and continue through another |
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| imagine the rest of a figure that is missing |
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| imagine the rest of a figure that is missing |
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| our perception of distances |
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| the discrepancy btwn slighty different views the 2 eyes see greater. |
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| degree which eyes turn in to focus on a close object |
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| pain avoidance only occurs while bodily damage has occured or is about to occur |
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| tend to be bold, independent, value change, report more sexual partners, more likely to smoke, prefer spicy, and crunchy foods |
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