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| term used to describe the body's short-term and long-term reactions to stress. |
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Definition
| general adaptation syndrome (hans seyle) |
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| conceptualized the physiology of stress as having two components: a set of responses which he called the "general adaptation syndrome", and the development of a pathological state from ongoing, unrelieved stress |
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| discovered and documented that stress differs from other physical responses in that stress is stressful whether one receives good or bad news, whether the impulse is positive or negative. He called negative stress "distress" and positive stress "eustress". |
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| The system whereby the body copes with stress, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) system, was also first described by |
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| He also pointed to an "alarm state", a "resistance state", and an "exhaustion state", largely referring to glandular states. Later he developed the idea of two "reservoirs" of stress resistance, or alternatively stress energy |
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| a. Different circumstances demand different homeostatic set points and that maintaining whatever an optimal set point might be typically demands far-flung regulatory changes throughout the body instead of just local adjustments |
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a. Walter Cannon termed this syndrome to describe the stress response
b. His theory states that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system, priming the animal for fighting or fleeing. This response was later recognized as the first stage of a general adaptation syndrome that regulates stress responses among vertebrates and other organisms |
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| Rat studies showed that elevated glucocorticoids during pregnancy resulted in elevated basal levels of glucocorticoids in babies as well as a larger stress response and a sluggish recovery from the stress-response. This higher level of glucocorticoids is extended from fetus into adulthood. Stress also decreases levels of testosterone in males, demasculizing them (less developed genitals, testosterone receptors desensitized). Excess stress also results in fewer connections in the hippocampus. Also, with prenatal stress, the amygdala has more receptors for glucocorticoids causing anxiety. Basically, fetal exposure to glucocorticoids causes an increased risk of obesity, HTN, CVD, insulin-resistant DM, reproductive impairments, maybe anxiety, and impaired brain development |
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| FOAD; fetal origins of adult disease |
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| If a new male arrives when a female is pregnant with an old male’s babies, the females will fail to implant the fertilized egg and spontaneously abort due to the odor of the new male. This phenomenon can be triggered with merely the odor of a novel male |
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| trying to deal with the cause of a problem, these people do this by finding out information on the problem and learning new skills to manage the problem, mechanisms may allow an individual greater perceived control over their problem |
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| involve releasing pent-up emotions, distracting one-self, managing hostile feelings, meditating, using systematic relaxation procedures, etc., may more often lead to a reduction in perceived control |
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| declarative and long term memory, effected by stress, is important in regulation of stress response (is sensitive to levels of glucocorticoids |
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| sometimes called psychophysiological death, the unexplained death of someone cursed or hexed, can be a result of actions after hexing, such as denying the person food or water; perhaps due to sympathetic arousal; cause not really known |
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| a term coined by Walter Cannon in 1942 also known as psychogenic or psychosomatic death, is the phenomenon of sudden death as brought about by a strong emotional shock, such as fear |
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| high levels of glucorticoids activate _____________ which is associated with memory disruptions, this relationship can account for the U-shaped relationship between memory and stress |
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| these people have a chronically elevated stress-response but will not report or admit that they are anxious or depressed or stressed. These people cross all T’t dot all I’s and don’t like surprise. |
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| inability to feel pleasure |
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| the belief that one can do it, a positive predictor that the change will be successful (the degree to which that person believes he or she can perform the response necessary to reduce the threat) |
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| Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance (predictive power to change for the better) |
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Definition
| Transtheoretical model of behavior change |
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| 3 things 1. General health value 2. Specific belief about vulnerability to a disorder (at risk) 3. Belief about consequences of disorder (think it is serious) |
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| one lapse in vigilance that then increases feelings of a lost self-imposed rules and increases likelihood of more lapses (guy who quit smoking goes out with friend and has some drinks a 2 cigarettes and feels bad about it.) |
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Definition
| Abstinence-violation effect |
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| the second most common form of grief. Often the bereaved refuses to participate in rituals surrounding the death, refused to devote time to grieving, are convinced that the death really has not happened |
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| common symptoms of grief lindemann observed sensations of somatic distress that came in waves at least hourly, tightness in the throat, choking, shortness of breath, singing, sensations of abdominal emptiness, muscular weakness, and intense emotional distress best characterized as psychic pain. |
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| comprises a slowing down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual. |
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