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| relatively permanent change in organisms behavior due to experience |
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| learning that certain events occur together |
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| the process of learning associations |
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| believe that psychology should study only observable, objective behavior |
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| learning to associate stimuli |
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| Unconditioned stimulus (US) |
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| stimulus that automatically produces a response (unlearned) (food) |
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| Unconditioned response (UR) |
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| automatic response to a stimulus (unlearned) (salivation to food) |
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| Conditioned stimulus (CS) |
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| originally neutral stimulus that comes to produce a conditioned response (learned) (bell, noise) |
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| Conditioned response (CR) |
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| learned response to previously neutral stimulus (learned) (salivation to the bell, noise) |
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| Psychologists associated with classical conditioning |
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| learned association generalized to other similar stimuli (scared of white rat now scared of white bunny and santa) |
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| learned ability to distinguish b/w CS and other stimuli |
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| the diminished responding that occurs with the CS (tone) no longer signals an impending US (food) |
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| reappearance of a weakened CR after a pause |
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| associate a response with a consequence. act according the reward or punishment |
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| rewarded behaviors are more likely to occur and unrewarded behaviors are less likely to occur. |
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| psychologist associated with operant conditioning |
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| both have acquisition, generalization, discrimination, extinction, spontaneous recovery. classical have automatic behaviors and operant has chosen behaviors. classical associates 2 stimuli and operant has behaviors and consequences. |
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| procedure in which reinforcers gradually guide behavior toward desired actions (teaching a dog tricks) |
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| a stimulus that increases the likelihood of the prior response. |
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| a stimulus that decreases the likelihood of the prior response |
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| giving a desirable stimulus |
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| removing a undesirable stimulus |
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| getting a undesirable stimulus (speed ticket, spank, electric shock) |
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| removing a desirable stimulus (privileged taken away, grounded) |
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| things we need, food, water, naturally satisfying things. |
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| everything else that we don't really need, money, praise, hugs, etc. |
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| reinforce every time. Do something, get reinforced. |
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| not every time, just sometimes |
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| reinforcement after certain number of response (every 5 cars sell, get bonus) |
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| reinforcement after changing or varying number of responses (catch fish randomly) |
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| reinforcement after certain length of time (paid every 2 weeks) |
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| reinforcement after changing length of time (checking ebay account, have something there) |
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| learning that becomes apparent only when there is some incentive to demonstrate it |
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| why be careful with reinforcement and punishment |
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| watch what you reinforce, rewards may decrease interest, punishment may teach discrimination |
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| observing and imitating behavior |
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| psychologist associated with observational learning |
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| fire when doing certain actions or when observing another doing so. the brain's mirroring of another's action may enable IMITATION and empathy. |
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