Term
| What is social constructivism? |
|
Definition
| the act of learning by observing the world around us - putting knowledge together through social interaction |
|
|
Term
| What is the zone of proximal development? |
|
Definition
| period in cognitive development when skills are too difficult for a child to master on their own, but that can be done with guidance and encouragement from a knowledgeable person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adjusting the level of support to the child's developmental level - tapering off assistance when child begins to learn concept |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perceptions, beliefs, judgments and feelings about who you are |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| self, personality, strengths/weaknesses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genetic predisposition to respond in particular ways to one's physical and social environments |
|
|
Term
| What is the idea of goodness of fit? |
|
Definition
| how well a child is learning in a particular environment - the comparison of different environments in order to see which works best |
|
|
Term
| What is the authoritarian parental style? |
|
Definition
| less emotional warmth, high expectations, rules without regard, don't question the rules, little give and take |
|
|
Term
| What is the permissive parenting style? |
|
Definition
| loving, supportive, few expectations, rarely punish, decisions |
|
|
Term
| What is the uninvolved parenting style? |
|
Definition
| little emotional support, few expectations, little interest, overwhelmed |
|
|
Term
| What is the authoritative parenting style? |
|
Definition
| loving, supportive, high expectations, enforce rules, explain behaviors, decision-making |
|
|
Term
| Which type of aggression is more common in males? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of aggression is more common in females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is proactive aggression? |
|
Definition
| initiating aggressive behavior to reach a goal, results in difficulty maintaining friendships and often being labeled as bullies |
|
|
Term
| What is reactive aggression? |
|
Definition
| aggressive reaction to provocation or frustration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behaviors and belief systems of a long-standing social group |
|
|
Term
| Who developed the theory of Psychosocial development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is psychosocial development? |
|
Definition
| an integration of physical, psychological and social development |
|
|
Term
| What is the trust vs. mistrust stage of PSD? When does it occur? |
|
Definition
| Comfort, security - loving, trusting relationships with caregivers - occurs during infancy |
|
|
Term
| What is the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage in PSD? When does it occur? |
|
Definition
| work to master the physical environment - learning to control body movements - occurs in toddlers |
|
|
Term
| What is the initiative vs. guilt stage in PSD? When does it occur? |
|
Definition
| undertaking, planning, "attacking" tasks - assertive, initiative, responsibility - occurs in preschoolers |
|
|
Term
| What is the industry vs. inferiority stage in PSD? When does it occur? |
|
Definition
| School productivity - academics, group activities, and friends - occurs during school age |
|
|
Term
| What is the identity vs. role confusion stage of PSD? When does it occur? |
|
Definition
| who am i - healthy resolution of earlier conflicts provides foundation for identity development - occurs in adolescence |
|
|
Term
| What is the intimacy vs. isolation stage of PSD? when does it occur? |
|
Definition
| love relationships/intimacy - willingness to commit - occurs in young adulthood ages 19 to 40 |
|
|
Term
| What is the generativity vs. stagnation stage of PSD? when does it occur? |
|
Definition
| parenting/caring - being involved in future generations - occurs during middle adulthood |
|
|
Term
| What is the integrity vs. despair stage of PSD? when does it occur? |
|
Definition
| reflection on and acceptance of own life - review of accomplishments - deal with life - occurs in people 65 and up |
|
|
Term
| What is a correlation coefficient? |
|
Definition
| numerical value (statistic) ranging from -1 to +1; typically denoted by "r" |
|
|
Term
| What constitutes a positive correlation? |
|
Definition
| as one variable increases, the other one does too |
|
|
Term
| What constitutes a negative correlation? |
|
Definition
| as one variable increases, the other decreases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inner processes and products of the human mind that lead to knowing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical and social interactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "mental framework" - organizes knowledge such as categories, concepts and patterns of action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process - schemas change, increase in complexity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| change existing schema or create a new one |
|
|
Term
| What is equilibrium/disequalibrium? |
|
Definition
| between internal structures and external information |
|
|
Term
| What is the sensorimotor stage and when does it occur? |
|
Definition
| infants use senses and motor skills to explore the world - begins with reflexes and ends with complex combo of sensory and motor skills - major cognitive development milestones include object permanence and understanding of cause and effect relationships - occurs between birth and 2 years of age |
|
|
