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psych test 1
psych test 1
71
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
10/05/2009

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
developmental psych
Definition
long term changes that occurs months/years irreversable changes in behaviors and physical features
Term
why does development occur?
Definition
changes for survival, learning for future experiences, growing and strength gives greater chance of surviving against others, must be sexually matured to sexually reproduce
Term
stages of development
Definition
birth, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood
Term
infancy
Definition
0-2 years, "lacking speech", mothers sleep w/ their babies
Term
childhood
Definition
beginning of speech to beginning puberty. learn lots of diff things, language skills, social skills, can be more independent start feelings of pride or shame, express needs thru language
Term
adolescence
Definition
from being dependent on parents to being independent, prereproductive-reproductive, sex differentiation, choose mate and nurture babies
Term
adulthood
Definition
marriage, monogamy 1 man 1 woman, polygamy 1 person having more than 1 spouse, distinct division of labor, adults are raising children w/assistance of extended family and older siblings
Term
senescence
Definition
growing old, aging, help raise grandchildren by providing wisdom less reproductive
Term
personal observation
Definition
your own judgement biased, based on your needs or experiences
Term
collective observation
Definition
need a representable sample, groups opinion is usually better than your own
Term
traditional knowledge
Definition
reputation, knowledge passed on for generations
Term
authorities
Definition
relying on someone who is of high power, not accurate
Term
naturalistic observation
Definition

observe the behavior directly, minimize interpretation, descriptive observations about what is going on

 

ethogram-pic of behavior

Term
learning theory
Definition
explicitness, very clear, broad, limited to changes in behavior, each species learns different things more then others
Term
evolutionary theory
Definition
darwin, highly praised terms very precise, fits many facts and disciplines
Term
alternatives of evolution theory
Definition

creationism

lamarckism

darwinism

Term
darwinism
Definition
natural selection, changes in genes, some produce more successfully then others, characteristics will help dominate the other species,
Term
ethology
Definition
behaviors of the animal in the wild
Term
imprinting
Definition
will follow around first larger animal it sees-usually it's mother, eventually will not follow around anyone else
Term
kin altruism
Definition
breakthrough in sociology tendency to favor relatives and help them, reproductive success
Term
functional analysis
Definition
phylogenic distributing, distribute explanations, when/why things take place the time they do
Term
importance of genes
Definition
we share 99.9% of our genes. our behavior comes from these genes, variability in behavior 50%
Term
mitosis
Definition
cell division, whole organism doubles and then divides, carbon copy of the cell
Term
meosis and sexual reproduction
Definition
generates variety in offspring, not carbon copies, genes that offspring produces is from parents crossing over in meiosis, rely on random mutations lead to new combination
Term
single gene inheritance
Definition

heterozype is healthier then homozygote, parents sickle cell anema, most diseases caused by recessive gene

 

heterozygote are usually healthy enough to get rid of bad gene

Term
polygenic inheritance
Definition
a lot of genes responsible for make up, most people fall average of their genes, environment plays a role in genetics
Term
heritability
Definition

when environment factors are high, heritability levels are low

 

when genetics is high heritability is high

Term
passive genes
Definition
the parents gene shape the child's environment
Term
evoked genes
Definition
child's genes affect the treatment the child recieves
Term
active genes
Definition
the child's gene cause them to seek a compatible environment for their gene
Term
polygenism
Definition
a lot of genes contributing to a trait stabilizing selection
Term
balanced polymorphism
Definition

bluegill sunfish-protect territory

-sneak in and inseminate eggs

-looks like female so they get past the male and inseminate eggs

Term
contingent strategies
Definition
scorpionfly-offer female an anthropod for her to eat
Term
preder willi
Definition
missing chromosome on fathers 53 chromosome, causes depression
Term
angelman's
Definition
if not given same chromosome by mother, causes retardation
Term
turner's syndrome
Definition
girls born with single x chromosome, xo if she gets it from father-better social skills
Term
origin of y chromosome
Definition
when sex reproduction evolved a gene that would convert the offspring to male has lots of chromosomes for being a male
Term

crossing over

 

(y chromosome)

Definition
is to get to better combos of genes, bad news that y cant exchange w/ x, chance to repair bad chromosomes
Term
x chromosome
Definition
one chromosome has to go in the male, one starts to be inactive, gradually more and more of ex genes become deactivated
Term

point

 

(mutation)

Definition
simplest kind of mutation, translocation-switches location, multiplication of whole chromosome
Term
transmission
Definition
more arise from ova then sperm. bad sperm-to-be are weeded out, ova are stable, born with all ova they will have
Term
mutagens (teratogens)
Definition

drugs

bacteria and virus

mothers diet

pollutants

Term
effect of drugs on babies
Definition
infant vulnerable because they don't break them down into nutrients and they stay in bloodstream. alcohol and tobacco are worst in society
Term
effect of bacteria and virus on babies
Definition
syphilis, HIV, can be transported through the placenta, through the bloodstream
Term
effect of mothers diet on babies
Definition
folicated-pregnant women dont get enough of it
Term
effect of pollutants on babies
Definition
ingested or breathed, lots of drugs and ground water, air pollutant can cause asthma, noise pollution can harm hearing
Term
layers of the zygote
Definition

ectoderm

endoderm

mesoderm

Term
ectoderm
Definition
nervous system and skin
Term
endoderm
Definition
digestive tract, respiratory and bladder
Term
mesoderm
Definition
everything else, muscular system
Term
nervous system
Definition
ectoderm on back, grove forms in ectoderm and runs around back, neural tube pinches off closed tube, segments fuse together form neural crest, splits to become cells and nerves
Term
central nervous system
Definition
brain, spinal cord-neural tube
Term
peripheral nervous system
Definition
neural crest
Term
proliferation
Definition
occurs in neural tube, cells multiply
Term
migration
Definition
out toward surface and settle in next layer, chemicals guide the cells to the right place
Term
differentiation
Definition
what shape they take
Term
connection
Definition
pair up with other neurons, many connections establish
Term
apoptosis
Definition
weeding out process, signal is sent to some to not drop out, form connections into old age, and connections are lost
Term
myelination
Definition
axon takes info away from body, myelin makes the axon speedy, occurs throughout the lifespan
Term
lamination
Definition
formation of layers, talk to brain as a unit, organizes the brain
Term
parcellation
Definition
functionally similar cells in the same location
Term
super highways
Definition
one big passage way for neurons
Term
biogenetic
Definition
correlations between embryonic and evolutionary changes of infant
Term
baldwin effect
Definition
eventually there will be genes about everyday things like eating a tomato but there wasnt at a time. if animals start to do a certain behavior then it will be grounded in the gene
Term
reversion
Definition
revive an earlier stage to be useful again
Term
cross sex transfer
Definition
males borrowed nurturing behavior from females
Term
isometry
Definition
all body parts in right proportion to each other
Term
allometry
Definition
disproportioned body parts that are beneficial to you
Term
pleiotrophy
Definition
multi purpose hormone change
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
part of brain in charge of pituitory gland
Term
pituatory gland
Definition
produces whole family of hormones, get out of circulation and act directly on tissues
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