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| The systematic, scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
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| The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore rely on observation and experimentation |
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| The idea that we know more about ourselves than anyone could learn from outside observation. People should break elements of their experience down into elements and then try to relate the elements |
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| The exploration of evolved functions, instead of parts, such as, down-to-earth emotions, memories, will power, habits, and moment-to-moment streams of consciousness |
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| “The Seven Perspective” of psychology |
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| Psychodynamic Perspective |
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| behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts |
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| How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information |
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| Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth |
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| How we learn observable responses |
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| How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one’s genes |
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| Socio-cultural Perspective |
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| How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures |
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| How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences |
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| The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors |
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| Internal factors such as genes and mental state |
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| External factors such as atmosphere, and other outside stimuli |
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| The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations |
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| The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon |
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| An integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis |
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| Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base |
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| Scientific study which aims to solve practical problems |
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| A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and achieving greater wellbeing |
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| A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders |
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| A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychotherapy |
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| The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it |
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| Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions |
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| explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations |
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| A testable prediction, often implied by a theory |
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| : A statement of the procedures used to define research variables |
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| Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances |
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| The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next |
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