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PSYCH REVIEW
QUESTIONS 1 THRU 26
45
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
04/18/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
What personality is
Definition
Unique and relatively enduring (lasting) set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual
Term
What trait is
Definition
Disposition to behavior consistently in a particular way
Term
The BIG FIVE Personality Theory:
O C E A N
Definition
Openness - O
Conscientiousness - C
Extraversion - E
Agreeableness - A
Neuroticism - N
Term
Psychoanalysis
Definition
A clinically based approach to understanding and treating psychological disorders; assumes that the unconscious is the most powerful force behind thought and behavior.
Term
Different levels of consciousness
Definition
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
Term
According to Freud, the function of dreams
Definition
the best way to understand a person's unconscious
Term
ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO
Definition
- ID: INSTANT GRATIFICATION-Freud's term for seat of impulse and desire; pleasure seeking part of our personality.
- EGO: the sense of self; the part of the mind that operates on the "reality principle"
- SUPEREGO: MORAL COMPONENT OF PERSONALITY -the part of the mind that monitors behavior and evaluates it in terms of right and wrong; the conscience
Term
Different defense mechanisms-
Definition
Unconscious mental process used by the ego to reduce anxiety:
-Repression
-Displacement
-Sublimation
-Rationalization
-Projection
-Reaction Formation
-Denial
-Undoing
-Regression
Term
Alfred Adler's Theory
Definition
-Striving for superiority:
oInferiority complex
-Compensation
oBirth Order
Term
Abraham Maslow - Hierarchy of needs
Definition
To strive to self-actualization - the tendency to strive to realize one's potential
Term
Different dimensions of the BIG FIVE
Definition
Openness-how interested in new experiences
-Conscientiousness: how planned, organized
-Extraversion: how sociable
-Agreeableness: how friendly,good-natured
-Neuroticism: how anxious, tense
Term
Personality theory
Definition
-Explaining differences in personality style:
1.Psychoanalysis
2.humanism
3.social-cognitive learning
4.trait theory
5.biological theory
4.
Term
Personality assessment
Definition
Personality is measured in four ways:
1. observing and coding behavior
2. interviewing
3. administering projective tests
4. administering structured personality questionnaires
4.
Term
Different methods of the personality assessment (and the benefits of each)
Definition
1.Behavioral Observation: is direct and relatively objective; do not depend on people's view of themselves
2.Interviewing- is natural and comfortable
3. Projective tests:can identify consistent unconscious themes
4. Personality questionnaires: less expensive and less time needed
Term
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Definition
Participation looks at ambiguous picture cards and makes up a story of what she thinks is going on in the scene. A projective test-answers are scored based on themes, motives, anxieties of main character
Term
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Definition
Interpret a series of black and white and colored inkblots (a projective test)
Term
Difference between deviant and dysfunctional behavior
Definition
-Deviant: different from what most people do
-Distressing: leads to real discomfort
-Dysfunctional: interferes with everyday functioning
Term
DSM
Definition
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders used to make a diagnosis
Term
Comorbidity
Definition
Coexistence of two or more disorders
Term
Diagnose disorders
Definition
Criteria listed in DSM to make a diagnosis;300 specific disorders listed; multidimensional diagnostic systme
Term
Agoraphobia
Definition
An intense fear of being in a situation from which escape is not possible or in which help would not be available if one experienced overwhelming anxiety of a panic attack
Term
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Definition
An anxiety disorder in which a person who has experienced a traumatic or life-threatening event has symptoms such as psychic numbing, reliving the trauma, increased physiological arousal
Term
Phobia
Definition
anxiety disorder marked by ongoing and irrational fear of a particular object, situation or activity
Term
OCD
Definition
Obsessive-compulsive disorder, an anxiety disorder in both thought and behavior.
1.Obsession: an unwanted thought, word, phrase or image persistently comes into a person's mind causing distress.
2. Compulsion: a repetitive behavior performed in response to uncontrollable urges.
Obsessions are thought disturbances; compulsions are repetitive behaviors
Term
Bipolar disorder
Definition
A mood disorders in which manic episodes alternate with periods of depression
Term
Major depression
Definition
A mood disorder marked by feelings of great sadness, despair and hopelessness, and loss of ability to experience pleasure.
Term
Classification of schizophrenia
Definition
-Paranoid schizophrenia
-Catatonic schizophrenia
-Undifferentiated schiz
-Disorganized schiz.
Term
Positive vs. negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Definition
-Positive symptoms: delusions, auditory and visual hallucinations, disorganized speech, poor integration of perception.
-Negative symptoms: non-responsiveness, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, flattened affect
Term
Dissociative amnesia
Definition
-Complete or partial loss of ability to recall personal information or identify past experiences.
Term
Dissociative Fugue
Definition
-Complete loss of memory of one's entire identity
Term
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Definition
Two or more distinct personalities occur in the same person
Term
Personality disorders
Definition
-A long-standing inflexible maladaptive pattern of behaving and relating to others
Term
Identify personality disorders
Definition
Cluster A - Odd behavior
Cluster B - Erratic, overly dramatic behavior
Cluster C-Anxious, fearful behavior
Term
Childhood Disorders
Definition
1.Pervasive Developmental Disorders- where children exhibit severe disturbances in social relationships
-Autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder
2.Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Term
Social Psychologists Study
Definition
Study of how living among others influences thought, feeling and behavior
Term
Social facilitation
Definition
-Phenomenon in which the presence of others improves one's performance
Term
Diffusion of responsibility
Definition
-Feeling among bystanders at an emergency that the responsibility for helping is shared by the group
Term
Social loafing
Definition
-Phenomenon in which the presence of others causes one to relax one's standards and slack off
Term
Social norm
Definition
-Rules about acceptable behavior imposed by the cultural context in which one lives
Term
Conformity
Definition
-Tendency of people to adjust their behavior to what others are doing or to adhere to the norms of their culture
Term
Soloman Asch's study
Definition
-Groupthink
Occurs when the thinking of the group takes over (saying which of the 3 lines is same length of the standard)
Term
Difference between participant and confederate
Definition
Confederates were people who actually worked for the experimenter; this was not known by the real participants
Term
What sparked all the studies on obedience?
Definition
The research emerged in response to real-life concerns after World War II- the horrific events of the Holocaust raised questions about how an entire nation could go along with the extermination of millions of people.
Term
Obedience
Definition
a kind of conformity in which a person yields to the will of another person.
Term
Stanley Milgram's study
Definition
Investigated whether people would conform even when their actions might harm others. The "teachers" continued to administer shocks to the learners because the experimenter told them the experiment must continue in spite of the learners' protests.
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