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| three components 1-have distinct subjective feelings or affects associated with them 2- accompanied by bodily changes 3 - accompanied by distinct action tendencies |
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| increases in the probabilities of certain behaviors that accompany emotions, the activity or action tendency with fear is fight or flight |
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| darwin's focus on the why behind emotions and expressions. concluded that emotional expressions communicate information from what animal to another about what is likely to happen. |
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| transitory states that depend more on the situation or circumstances a person is in than on the specific person. emotions as states have a specific cause, ,and that cause is typically outside of the person |
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| stable personality traits that are primarily characterized by specific emotions. for example the trait of neuroticism is characterized by the emotions of anxiety and worry |
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| belief that emotions are a small number of primary and distinct emotions. try to reduce complexity of emotions by searching for the primary emotions that underlie the variety of emotion terms. |
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| researchers gather data by having subjects rate themselves on a wide variety of emotions and then apply statistical analysis to identify the basic dimensions underlying the ratings. almost all studies suggest the emotions are categorized using 2 dimensions - pleasant or unpleasant, and high or low arousal |
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| content of emotional life refers to the characteristic or typical emotions a person is likely to experience over time. someone whose emotional life contains a lot of pleasant memories maybe happy, cheerful or enthusiastic. notion of content leads us to consider the kinds of emotions that people are likely to experience over time and across situations in their lives |
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| how emotions are experienced. saying someone is high on mood variability is to say something about the style of their emotional life - their emotions change frequently |
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| 2 complementary views - 1 life satisfaction 2 predominance of positive compared to negative emotions - these two ideas are highly correlated |
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| some researchers believe that part of being happy is to have positive illusions about the self |
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| the notion that causality can move in 2 directions. |
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| mood inductions are used as manipulations to see whether mood variations influence some dependent variable |
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| a dimension of personality present in every major trait theory of personality |
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| part of the brain responsible for the fight or flight reaction and emotion. if people have an easily activated limbic system we can expect them to have frequent episodes of emotion |
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| located deep toward the center of the brain, seems to be associated with affect, including social rejection |
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| area of the brain found to be highly active in the control of emotions. many people who have committed violent acts exhibit a neurological deficit in these areas - assumed to be responsible for regulating negative emotions |
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| a psychological disorder whose symptoms include a depressed mood, diminished interest in activities, change in weight, sleep patterns and movement, fatigue, worthlessness, thoughts of death or suicide and inability to concentrate |
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| a preexisting vulnerability is present and a stress must exist to trigger the depression. both must be present |
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| a schema is a way of processing incoming information and of organizing and interpreting the facts of daily life. cognitive schema in depressed people skews incoming info that causes them to be depressed |
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| 3 most important areas influenced by the cognitive schema - information about self, the world and the future |
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| the tendency for a belief to become reality |
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| neurotransmitter theory of depression |
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| according to this theory an imbalance of the nt's at the synapse of the nervous system causes depression. not all treatments based on this theory work on all people - suggests that there are different kinds of depression |
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| a tendency to respond to everyday frustrations with anger and aggression, to become irritable easily, to feel frequent resentment, and to act in a rude, critical, antagonistic way in everyday interactions |
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| high affect intensity individuals are people who typically experience their emotions strongly and are emotionally reactive and variable. low intensity are the opposite |
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| frequent fluctuations in a person's emotional life over time |
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