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| neuron branches that receive impulses. |
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| makes up gray matter, contains nucleus which directs neuron's activity. |
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| where the soma and the axon connect |
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| transmits impulses of the neuron. |
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| fatty, insulating layer on axons that allows faster conduction of impulses. |
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Definition
| help send impulses down the axon |
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| jumping off points or the impulses. Contain synaptic vessels which hold neurotransmitters. |
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| covers the whole neuron and has selective permeability, sometimes letting positive charges (ions) through. |
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| space between two neurons where they communicate. |
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| the end of one neuron (the terminal buttons) |
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Definition
| the beginning of another neuron (dendrites) |
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Definition
the other type cell in the nervous system which mainly help support neurons. There are two types of glial cells:
Oligodendrocytes: Provide myelin in the CNS
Schwann Cells: provide myelin in the PNS |
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Definition
| the inactivated state of a neuron. (negatively charged while at rest). |
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| fires and releases neurotransmitters from its terminal buttons as a messenger to other neurons. |
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Definition
| detect the presence of neurotransmitters and cause the ion channels to open |
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Definition
| changes in a nerve cell's charge as the result of stimulation. There are two forms: EPSP & IPSP |
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| Excitatory Postsynaptic potential EPSP |
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Definition
| positive charges from the outside are allowed into the cell in a process called depolarization. |
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Term
| Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential IPSP |
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Definition
| charges in the cell body are let out and the cell becomes hyper-polarized. |
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Definition
| begins when a cell becomes stimulated with enough positive ions and "fires" |
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Term
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Definition
| once a minimum threshold for stimulation is met, the nerve impulse will be sent. The intensity of the nerve impulse is always the same, regardless of the amount of stimulation. |
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Term
| The Absolute Refractory Period |
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Definition
| the time after a neuron fires in which it cannot respond to stimulation. |
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| The relative refractory period |
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Definition
| the time after absolute refractory period when the neuron can fire, but it needs a much stronger stimulus. |
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Definition
| reabsorption of a neurotransmitter after it completes it's job. |
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Definition
| released at neuromuscular junction to cause the contraction of skeletal muscles. |
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| linked to pleasure and analgesia. Exogenous endorphins (like morphine and heroin) are highly addictive. |
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Definition
| lack of serotonin is linked to depression |
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| too little dopamine linked to parkinson's disease, too much dopamine linked to schizophrenia. Dopamine triggers feelings of rewards and can be linked to addiction. |
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Definition
| Amino Acid that is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. |
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| Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
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Definition
| amino acid that is the most abundant inhibitory transmitter in the nervous system. |
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Definition
| cause long term changes in post synaptic cell. |
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Definition
| increases the effect of the neurotransmitter. |
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Definition
| decreases the effects of specific neurotransmitters. |
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