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Definition
| Material, Spiritual, Social |
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Definition
"I think therefore I am"
Mind and Body are mutually interactive. |
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Empiricist
Born into world with "blank slate"
Experience and direct observation are the source of all mental life
Observation is powerful. |
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Romanticized Humans in native state
All are born inherently "good"
Nature makes man happy, Society makes him miserable |
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Est. 1st Laboratory in 1879
Studied attention, memory and sensory processes |
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| analyze consciousness into its elements and investigate how they relate |
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| Self observation of one's own conscious experience. |
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| Investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than structure |
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Believed in "stream of consciousness".
Interested in how people adapt according to their surroundings. |
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Unconscious has thoughts, memories, and desires below the surface of conscious awareness, but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior.
Behavior is greatly influenced by how people cope with their sexual urges |
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| Scientific psychology should only study measurable, observable behaviors. |
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| dismissed importance of genetic inheritance while arguing that traits are shaped entirely by exposure. |
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Mental processes cannot be studied scientifically.
Environment molds behavior.
Free will is an illusion
Organisms repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes and do not repeat those that lead to neutral or negative outcomes. |
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Definition
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
More optimistic than behaviorism or Freudian psychology, emphasizes unique qualities of humans, especially freedom, growth and fulfilling one’s potential. ‘Being all you can be’, self actualization. |
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Definition
Client centered therapy, unconditional positive regard, congruence, importance of
empathy |
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Term
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Definition
1) Physiological
2) Safety
3) Love & Belongingness
4) Self Esteem
5) Self- Actualization |
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Term
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Definition
| Being all you can be, fulfilling self as a creative, unique individual according to your own potential. |
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Term
| Carl Jung (Neo-Freaudian) |
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Definition
Collective Unconsciousness
Judgment Domain: Thinking/Feeling preference
Perceptual Domain: Intuitive/Sensing
Attitude: Introversion/Extroversion
Shadow self |
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Term
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Definition
| Split off from self because it violates our self image. |
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Term
| Alfred Adler (Neo-Freaudian) |
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Definition
Behavior arises from sub conscious
Efforts are made to compensate for interiority or deficiency
We all strive for superiority and have a universal drive to excel and master life's challenges. |
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Term
| Karen Horney (Neo-Freaudian) |
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Definition
Childhood experiences form a perspective for social interaction and personal growth.
3 basic tendencies in facing conflict
1) Moving towards
2) Moving against
3) Moving away |
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Definition
| All learning is based on observation. |
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Term
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| Belief that one possesses the necessary skills and capabilities to handle the demands of one's environment. |
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Term
| Research study starts with a... |
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Definition
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Term
| Tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables... |
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Definition
| ..Operational definition. |
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Term
| Any measurable condition or behavior that is controlled or observed in a study... |
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Definition
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| Research method in which a variable is manipulated to see what change occurs... |
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Definition
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Term
| Condition an experimenter varies in order to see its impact on another variable... |
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| Variable thought to be affected by manipulation of the independent variable... |
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Definition
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Term
| When 2 variables are present that make it difficult to sort out specific effects... |
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| Any variables other than the IV that seem likely to influence the DV... |
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Definition
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Term
| Demonstrates cause and effect between variable... |
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Definition
| ..Descriptive correlational research |
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Term
| 3 types of correlational research... |
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Definition
1) Naturalistic observation
2) Case Studies
3) Surveys |
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Term
| Correlational coefficient.. |
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Definition
| ..Index that measures degree of relationship. |
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Term
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Definition
| variables go up or down in same direction |
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Definition
| variables go in opposite direction |
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Term
| Non – representative sample |
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Definition
| Generalizations are inaccurate because sample was not representative of its population. |
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Definition
| Sample is not representing a population |
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Definition
Researchers see what he/she wants to see
Can be neutralized with double blind studies |
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Term
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Definition
| Subjects do not know if they are in the control group or experimental group |
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Definition
| Neither experimenter nor subjects know if they are in control or experimental group |
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Definition
| Consists of the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| Peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| nerves outside brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| goes to limbs, connects to voluntary skeletal muscles and sensory receptors, voluntary control |
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Term
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Definition
| goes to limbs, connects to voluntary skeletal muscles and sensory receptors, voluntary control |
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| mobilizes body’s resources for fight or flight |
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Term
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| ike a silicon chip in a computer that receives and transmits signals between input and output devices as well as between other chips. |
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Definition
1) sensory
2) motor
3) Interneurons |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell body, which contains the cell nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| Tree-like structures that receive neural information |
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Term
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Definition
Like an electrical cable that carries signals away from the cell body to other
neurons or to muscles or glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| Like the insulation that covers electrical wires, white and fatty substance that covers the axon. Multiple Sclerosis: deteriorating of myelin sheaths. |
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Term
| Knob like structures that secrete neurotransmitters |
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Definition
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| Point or junction where the information is transmitted from one neuron to another |
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Definition
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| Glue-like; form a protective shield around neurons |
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Definition
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Term
| Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin |
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Definition
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Term
| Disturbance in dopamine activity |
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Definition
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Term
Deficit of dopamine synthesis in mid brain area – causes tremors and muscle
rigidity |
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Definition
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| Only neurotransmitter where motor neurons talk to muscle |
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Definition
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| Chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter |
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Definition
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| Chemical that opposes and decreases action of neurotransmitter |
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Definition
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Term
Process where neurotransmitters are sponged up into terminal buttons from
synaptic cleft by the pre synaptic membrane |
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Definition
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| Internally produce chemicals that resembles opiates in structure and contribute to alleviation of pain |
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| Logic, language, analytical, rational, linear |
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| Intuitive, holistic, nonverbal, creative |
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| On the left side of the brain, affects the production of speech |
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Definition
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| On the left side of the brain, affects comprehension of language |
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Definition
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Term
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Pattern, blueprint, knowledge cluster, based on prior experiences, sequence of
events |
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Term
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Definition
| Adapting/modifying a schema based on experience |
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Term
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Definition
| Changing a scheme totally based on a new experience |
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Term
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Definition
...encoding – inputting information – the process of converting sensory
information into memories |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| focused awareness on a narrow range |
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| Unlimited capacity storage or bank – holds information over a long period of time |
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Definition
Limited storage capacity that can be maintained unrehearsed for up to 20 seconds
Maximum capacity of short-term memory is 7 chunks of info |
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Definition
| Linking information to other information |
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Definition
| Process of repeating verbally and rehearsing information |
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Definition
| Engaging in continued rehearsal after mastering it |
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Definition
| Presentation of information in original sensory form, usually a fraction of a second. |
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Definition
| Handles memory for factual information |
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Term
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Definition
| Handles memory for actions and skills, operations, biking skateboarding, swimming, driving |
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