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Psych Final
Review
51
Psychology
Graduate
04/06/2015

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Major Mental Health Classifications
Definition
Neurosis (anxiety based), Psychosis (hallucinations, delusions), Personality disorders (narcissist)
Term
After injury or illness, most PT clients will experience some issues:
Definition
1) Adjustment to disability
2) Adjustment disorder
3) Acute stress reaction
Term
Defense Mechanisms
Definition
Repression, conversion, displacement, rationalization, denial, regression, projection, sublimation (re-direct negative feelings)
Term
Symptoms of Depression
Definition
Sad or blue, guilt, trouble making decisions, anxiety, vegetative signs (changes in appetite/sleep), hopelessness, physical symptoms, anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure)
Term
Risk factors for suicide
Definition
Major mental health problems, trauma (including rape and sexual assault), substance abuse problems, loss of family member or friend, gender identity issues, poor family stability
Term
Warning signs of suicide
Definition
No suicide attempt should be dismissed or treated lightly, verbal threats such as "You would be better off without me", expressions of hopelessness and/or helplessness, previous suicide attempts, daring and risk-taking behavior, personality changes (withdrawal, aggression, moodiness), depression, giving away prized possessions, lack of interest in the future, increase in drug or alcohol intake, recent sever loss or threat of such a loss
Term
Active Ideation
Definition
"I'm giving this until April and if I'm not walking by then, I'm outta here!" or "I bought a gun"
Term
Passive Ideation
Definition
"I wonder what it would be like to kill myself?" or "I wish I would have died in that accident."
Term
What to do (Suicide)
Definition
Active vs. Passive ideation, plan, deterrents, history, impulsivity, contracting for safety?, notify, refer, document
Term
Mental Health Classifications
Definition
DSM-IV or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, ICD-9, Neurosis, Psychosis, Personality or character disorder, organicity
Term
Neurosis
Definition
Anxiety
Term
Psychosis
Definition
Thought disorder, hallucinations, reality testing
Term
Organicity
Definition
THnking and behavior impaired due to neurological changes
Term
Mood Disorders
Definition
Major depressive disorders (at least 2 weeks of symptoms), cultural influence on symptoms, age at onset, genetics
Term
Bipolar
Definition
AKA "Manic Depressive", 90% who have one manic episode have more, can recover completely between episodes, mood stabilizers (Lithium, depakote). 5 different types.
Term
5 Types of Bipolar
Definition
Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Rapid cycling, Mixed, Cyclothymia
Term
Bipolar I
Definition
At least one manic episode; abnormal behavior
Term
Bipolar II
Definition
Cycling, but Ups never reach Mania
Term
Rapid Cycling
Definition
10-20%, 4 episodes of mania and depression per year
Term
Mixed
Definition
Mania and depression in rapid succession
Term
Cyclothymia
Definition
Milder symptoms
Term
Hypomania
Definition
Mild signs of manic behavior constantly. IE - someone who is impulsive, gets a little agitated, but no psychiatric disorder, just lose it once in a while
Term
Dysthymia
Definition
Chronic levels of depression which do not qualify as clinical depression. IE - a Debbie downer, its just sort of their baseline. THey don't qualify as clinically depressed or needing Meds.
Term
Somatoform Disorder
Definition
Usually involves pain and severe neurological symptoms (such as headache, fatigue), digestive symptoms (such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea) or sexual symptoms (such as pain during sexual activity, loss of sexual desire, extremely painful periods in women)
Term
Conversion disorder
Definition
Converting their emotions into physical symptoms. Can be global aphasia (like, suddenly they are unable to talk)
Term
Hypochondriasis
Definition
Focus on normal symptoms, IE-Pain = cancer
Term
Munchausen
Definition
The name of the Dr. who this was named. Its a person who develops pain symptoms b/c they want pain syndrome and medical intervention
Term
Munchhausen by Proxy
Definition
The parents don't want medical interventions, but they want their children to have medical attention. The child is otherwise normally healthy.
Term
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Definition
Occurs when a person becomes obsessed with a flaw in his or her physical appearance that is either a minor flaw or a flaw that doesn't exist. He or she constatnlty worries about the percieved flaw, which can be any part of the body. Wrinkles, hair loss, weight gain, and size and shape of feature like the eyes, nose and breasts are all common concerns for people who have body dysmorphic disorder. RUle out for sex change.
Term
Anxiety Disorders
Definition
Panic attack, agorophobia, specific phobia, social phobia, seperation anxiety disorder, PTSD, generalized anxiety disorder
Term
Schizophrenia
Definition
Psychosis. Onset is late adolescent early adult (acting out in strange ways b/c of delusional thinking). Soft neuro signs (An organic disorder, the brains of people with this are different than other populations). Genetics (strong auditory connection/hallucinations)
Term
Personality disorders
Definition
Enduring pattern of thinking, behaving, feeling which is stable over time. Types: Paranoid, borderline, schizoid, histrionic, schizotypal, narcissistic, antisocial, obsessive compulsive, and dependent.
Term
Paranoid
Definition
Always suspicious that someone is out to get them, they are behind them
Term
Borderline
Definition
Effect on PT discussion of presentation in PT eating disorder, cutting, suicidal, boundaries, abandonment.
Manipulative.
Promiscuous or flirtatious.
All good vs. all bad.
Splitting.
Fear of abandonment; often reject before rejected.
CHaotic relationships
RAge Response.
Term
Schizoid
Definition
People who aren't really hallucinating, but they are people who don't interact well, they are very withdrawn, an odd Duck
Term
Histrionic
Definition
Emotional, dramatic
Term
Schizotypal
Definition
Quality management for potaot chips person.
Term
Narcissistic
Definition
Cause: excessive praise or criticism, overindulgence, focus on looks.
Controlling, blaming, self absorbed, intolerant of others, seek adoration, ignore the needs of others, over value/de-value.
Cannot take feedback: narcissistic rage.
Achievement oriented yet cannot work with others long term; exploitive, grandiose (may see a small amount of sociopath in this population).
Term
Antisocial
Definition
Sociopath (often seen in jail)
Term
Sociopath
Definition
They don't care what they do will affect you, they are limited in fear or guilt.
Often seen in criminal behaviour.
Disregard for impact of their behavior on others.
Limited experience of guilt or fear (*note functional MRI study results)
Term
Difficult to manage
Definition
Histrionic (emotional, dramatic) and Borderline.
Term
Personality testing
Definition
Unstructured or PROJECTIVES, or Structured
Term
Unstructured/Projectives personality testing
Definition
Rorschach and TAT. Incomplete sentences.
-The pt. projects onto the unstructured stimulus, their own reactions, feelings, etc.
Term
Structured personality testing
Definition
Inventories/questionnaires (Beck), MMPI-2 (500 T/F questions), patterns associated with diagnostic groups, can asses fake or lying, samples and discussion, note "Conversion V" in pts.
Term
CBT
Definition
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Term
Abuse
Definition
A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by one (or more) of the following, occurring in a 12 month period:
1) Recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, home (eg. repeated absences or poor work perforrmance, suspensions, neglect of children, or household).
2) Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous (eg. Driving)
3)Recurrent substance related legal problems (arrests, disorderly conduct)
4) Continued substance use despite having persistant socail or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance (arguments with spouse, physical fights)
B. Symtoms have never met criteria for substance dependece.
Term
Dependency
Definition
A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress:
3 or more in 12 months:
1) Tolerance......either:
a) need for markedly increased amounts to achieve intoxication
b) effect markedly diminshed with continued use of the same amount
2) Withdrawal (either)
a) the characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance
b) the same or closely related substance is taken to releive withdrawal
3) Substance is taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended
4) Persistant desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control use
5) Great amount of time spent in activities necessary to obtain substance, use, or recover from effects
6) Important social, occupational, recreational activities are given up or reduces because of use
7) Substance use is continued despite knowing recurrent physical problem is caused by the substance
Term
Physiological Correlates
Definition
Finger Temperature:
-stressed 70 degrees F
-relaxed 90-95 degrees F
Muscle Tension (Surface EMG)
-0-2 mv relaxed
-4 mv mild tension
-6 to 8 mv moderate tension
->10 high tension
Breathing:
-hyperventilation - highly stressed
-rhythmic and diaphramatic - relaxed
Term
Techniques to Relax
Definition
-Autogenics - self talk
-Diaphramic breathing
-Visual imagery
-Progressive muscle relaxation
-Transcendental Meditation
Term
Coherence Breathing
Definition
Ideal rate of breathing is 5 sec in and 5 sec out.
Breath about 6 times per minute.
This balances out the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Over time this represents your baseline
This balances out your activation system.
Term
Stages of Change
Definition
1) Pre-contemplation
2) Contemplation
3) Determination
4) Action
5) Maintenance
6) Relapse
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