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PSYCH FINAL
Assistance for psych 110 final
64
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/10/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Definition of Psych
Definition
Science of behavior and mental processes
Term
Goal of Psych
Definition
Describe, explain, control, & predict behavior and mental processes
Term
Theory vs. Hypothesis
Definition
  • Hypothesis: A testable prediction, often implied by a theory. (formed before research)
  • Theory: Explanation that organizes observations and predicts behaviors and events.
Term
What do psychologists do?
Definition

Research

   a. Pure Research: Trying to find out how something happens

b. Applied Research: Find solutions to specific problems.

Practice: Gain knowledge to help change behaviors.

Teach: Classrooms, seminars, & workshops.

Term
16 fields of psych
Definition
clinical, counseling, school, education, developmental, personality, social, environmental, experimental, cognitive, industrial and organization, human factors, consumer, health, sports, and forensic.
Term
Clinical psych
Definition
Diagnoses severity of mental illnesses & behavior problems and help ppl adjust to demands of life.
Term
Counseling psych
Definition
Improving relationships and deals with divorce and grief.
Term
School psych
Definition
Identify and assist students w/ learning probs and places them in special classes.
Term
Education psych
Definition
Facilitates learning and works w/ teachers . Effects of teaching and learning styles.
Term
Developmental psych
Definition
Genetic and environmental growth of an individual's life span. This includes cognitive, social, & personality changes.
Term
Personality psych
Definition
Identify and measure traits & characteristics. Includes Introverts vs. extroverted ppl.
Term
Social psych
Definition
Individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a situation. (Prejudice, racism, sexism, social influence, etc.)
Term
Environmental psych
Definition
Environment's effect on human behavior and visa versa.
Term
Experimental psych
Definition
Pure research, sensation & perception, thought, motivation, and learning and memory.
Term
Cognitive psych
Definition
Internal mental processes like problem solving, attention, memory(visual), and language.
Term
Industrial and organizational psych
Definition
Behavior of ppl in workplace. Work to improve performance.
Term
Human factors psych
Definition
How the brain works and interface tech.
Term
Consumer psych
Definition
Behavior of shoppers & advertising.
Term
Health psych
Definition
How specific life styles, attitudes, & behaviors lead to health problems. A fairly new field of psych.
Term
Sports psych
Definition
Consult w/ athletes and help performance(under pressure). Not as many careers in this field.
Term
Forensic psych
Definition
Applied psych to justice system. Study criminal behavior and victims.
Term
8 principles of critical thinking
Definition
Take nothing for granted
Be skeptical
Assume
Be cautious when drawing conclusions
Don't generalize
Don't over simplify
Don't believe info just becuz it's in print or comes from authority

Examine definitions & terms
Term
Define sample. population, representative, & generalization using 1936 poll.
Definition
Sample(specific ppl studied): Telephone owners
Population(entire group): Registered voters
Representatives: Those who participated represent the majority.
Generalization: Thinking that everyone owns a telephone
The problem: The majority of republicans own telephones. FDR actually won, not Alf Landon(who only won 8 electoral votes)
Term
Draw a graph of the correlation between lvl of stress & immune system
Definition

[image]

Something similar to this

Term
Define Independent variable and Dependent variable
Definition
IV: Manipulated to figure out effects
DV: Outcome factor
Term
Summarize Phineas Gage: Damage area and implication
Definition
Railroad rod thru cheek to frontal lobe(clean thru).

Could've died 7 different ways.

Effected decisions, reasoning, primitive behaviors, goals, and changed his personality from leader and respected to rude and lack of leadership skills.
Term
What is the resting potential of a neuron? What does it mean to be at rest?
Definition
-70mV

At rest: excess of -ions w/in neuron
Term
Name opposing anatomical directions
Anterior :
Superior :
Medial :
Definition
Anterior : posterior
Superior : Inferior
Medial : Lateral
Term
Draw pic of brain
Definition

[image]

Something like this

Term
What is severed in commisurotomy ?
Definition
Corpus callosum
Term
Why do PET scans have poor temporal resolution?
Definition
PET scans only detect where neurons generate, not when they generate.
Term
Describe the gorilla study and define selective attention
Definition
Participants supposed to press key after blank t-shirt passed ball. Participant + focus = failure to notice gorilla pounding its chest in mid of group.

Selective attention: Becoming so focus on an object or action, that it is easy to not notice other things going on.
Term
Can hypnosis force ppl to act against their will?
Definition
NO
Term
Your friend tells you they are paying out of pocket to see a therapist to analyze their dreams.
Definition
It most likely isn't in their best interest to pay for dream interpretations because dreams are usually caused memories of that day or traumatic events. They do not mean anything pertaining to destiny or the future.
Term
Answer like an evolutionary psych: Boat is sinking, save 1yr old or 4 yr old?
Definition
4 yr old, because the child is less dependent on others for survival than the 1 yr old.
Term
What is pruning process?
Definition
Connections made during puberty that can be either strengthened or decreased.
Term
3 main examples of peer influence
Definition
slang

type of food eaten

similar interests (smoking, texting, etc)
Term
Social Learning Theory
Definition
children learn gender-lined behaviors by observing, imitating, and by being rewarded or punished.
Term
Define schema, assimilation, accommodation, object permanence, conservation
Definition
schema: concepts or molds which we pour our experiences.

assimilation: interpreting experiences on the terms of established schemas.

accommodation: Adapting schemas to new info.

obj. perm: awareness that objects still continue to exist when not perceived.

Conservation: quantity remains the same despite change in shape.
Term
3 parenting styles
Definition
Authoritarian: obedience and strict rules

Authoritative: demanding, but empathetic

Passive: submit to child's desires
Term
Describe top-down and bottom-up processing
Definition
Top-down: Drawing info from past info of experience and expectation.

Bottom-up: Begins w/ sensory receptors then moves to brain's integration of sensory info.
Term
label eye anatomy
Definition
[image]
Term
Label retina anatomy
Definition
[image]
Term

Define parts of the eye:

Retina

Rod

Cone

Optic Nerve

Blind Spot

Definition
Retina: Multilayer tissue under eyeball's surface
Rod: Detect neutrals
Cone: Detect color and detail
Optic nerve: Carries messages from eye to brain
Blind spot: Where the optic nerve leaves the eye. There are no receptor cells here.
Term
Describe tri-chromatic theory of color

Definition
retina contains 3 different color receptors: red, blue, and green. They can produced any color combination when combined themselves
Term
What is the Ames Room illusion? What does it break?
Definition
A room that is distorted to make one person look smaller than the other. The perception of size is broken.
Term
Dog salivation and bell
NS, UCR, UCS, CS, & CR
Definition
Natural stimulus: food = salivation
UCR: Salivate
UCS: Meat
CR: Salivation (due to bell)
CS: Bell tone
Term
personal example of learning by observation.
Definition
Blah blah blah
Term
What are mirror neurons? What do they have to do w/ learning by observation?
Definition
Mirror neurons, located in the frontal lobe, activate that allows imitation and observational learning. "Monkey see, monkey do."
Term
5 facts about Alz
Definition
5.4 million America's are living w/ Alz
6th leading cause of death in the US
It cannot be prevented
Deaths from Alz have increased by 66%
every 69 seconds, someone develops Alz
Term

Serial position effect? Define items early, mid, and late?

 

 

Definition
Serial Pos: tendency to recall first, last, and most memorable on list
Early: primacy effect
late: recency effect
mid: serial position
Term
 Ex of failure of retrieval & compare it to looking online
Definition
Not being able to recall a specific memory from storage. Sometimes computers are slow to obtaining info when other things are going on at once.
Term
describe Fig. 8.23: What does it say about memory?[image]
Definition
The mind can create fake memories that seem just as realistic as any other memory.
Term
APA's stance on repressed/recovered memories?
Definition

memories before age 3 are unreliable


Cannot be recovered under hypnosis or drugs


Both real and fake memories can be equally upsetting or joyful

Term
What is a mnemonic device?
Definition

Memory aids, especially vivid imagery and organizational devices


One I used to study: Repeated use of flash cards

Term
What is representativeness heuristic? Example?
Definition
The way we categorize a situation based on patterns of previous experiences and beliefs about the scenario. Ex)  Choosing a professor over a truck driver to be short, slim, and a poetry reader.
Term
 Availability heuristic
Definition
Presuming events to be common based on their availability. Ex) Person from ethnic group commits terrorist act = impression on entire ethnic group. 
Term
Describe gender differences / similarities in spelling, verbal, and empathy
Definition
Spelling: Females spell better
Verbal: Females excel
Empathy: Females are more sensitive to emotion
Term
Fundamental attribution error
Definition
tendency to over-value dispositional or personality-based explanations for the observed behaviors of others while under-valuing situational explanations for those behaviors.
Term
Describe central vs peripheral persuasion
Definition

Central: Attitude change in which one becomes focused on the arguments and respond w/ favorable thoughts.


Peripheral: Attitude change to incidental cues and make snap judgments

Term
Describe Asch study & discuss factors that strengthen conformity (4 factors)
Definition
  • One feel incompetent and insecure
  • One admires the group's status
  • At least 3 ppl
  • The group is unanimous
Term
Describe Milgrim's teach-learner experiment
Definition
  • Teacher: The one being experimented on and "delivers" the shocks
  • Learner: Is in on the experiment and "receives" the shocks
  • Authority: Ppl are more easily influenced when told to do something by someone they believe is superior.
Term
Similarity? Predict about physical attraction?
Definition
  • "Birds of a feather flock together"
  • Ppl like to feel secure w/ their own self-image

 

Term
Give personal example of bystander effect of did not help
Definition
"Tipping Point" ex
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