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Psych Final
Psych 101
113
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
04/30/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
What is psychology defined as?
Definition
The science of behavior and mental processes.
Term
T/F- Psych is mostly about mental disorders and therapy
Definition
False
Term
Psych literally means
Definition
The study of the mind
Term
These psychologists use knowledge developed by experimental psychologists to solve human problems
Definition
Applied psychologists
Term
These psychologists would work in sports, schools, counseling, clinical, rehab, or engineering
Definition
Applied psychologists
Term
Any approach to explaining phenomena in the natural world that does not use empirical observation or the scientific method
Definition
Psuedoscience
Term
T/F psychologists do not use the scientific method to test their ideas empirically
Definition
False
Term
An approach to research that relies on sensory experience and observation as research data
Definition
Empirical investigastion
Term
A five step process for empirical investigation of a hypothesis under conditions designed to control biases and subjective judgments.
Definition
Scientific method
Term
What are the five steps of the scientific method
Definition
develop a hypothesis
performing a controlled test
gathering objective data
analyzing the results
publishing, criticizing, and replicating the results
Term
Group that is exposed to the variable
Definition
experimental
Term
Group that is not given the variable
Definition
Control group
Term
What are the six main perspectives of psychology
Definition
biological
cognitive
behavioral
whole-person
developmental
sociocultural
Term
Which perspective focuses on nervous and endocrine systems, as well as evolutionary advantages of behaviors. They say that we are complex systems that respond to hereditary and environmental influences
Definition
Biological perspective
Term
Which perspective says that we are information processing systems. They focus on mental processes including sensation, perception, learning, memory, and language
Definition
cognitive
Term
Which perspective says that we respond to surrounding according to principles of behavioral learning. They focus on the laws connecting our responses to stimulus conditions in the environment
Definition
Behavioral
Term
This perspective says we are driven by unconscious motives. They focus on counseling and psychotherapy
Definition
Whole-person
Term
This perspective says that people undergo predictable patterns of change throughout their lives. They focus on patterns of developmental change and their underlying influences
Definition
Developmental
Term
This perspective says that we are social animals; human behavior must be interpreted in a social context. They focus on social interaction, socialization, and cross cultural differences.
Definition
sociocultural
Term
This tradition is devoted to uncovering basic structures that make up mind and thought
Definition
structuralism
Term
This tradition believed mental processes could best be understood in terms of their adaptive purpose and function.
Definition
Functionalism
Term
What is the Gestalt psychology tradition
Definition
It is interested in how we construct "perceptual wholes"
Term
what is behaviorism
Definition
This tradition argued that psychology should deal solely with observable events
Term
Which tradition asserted that mental disorders arise from conflicts in the unconscious mind
Definition
Psychoanalysis
Term
64% of psychologists are in this group.
Definition
Applied psychologists
Term
What is the speciality in psychology that studies the interaction of biology, behavior, and mental processes
Definition
Biopsychology
Term
What is neuroscience
Definition
it focuses on how the brain produces mental processes and behavior
Term
What is the key to evolution
Definition
offspring
Term
What is the theory that says individuals best adapted to the environment are more likely to flourish and reproduce
Definition
Natural selection
Term
What is the organisms genetic makeup
Definition
genotype
Term
What is the phenotype
Definition
An organisms observable physical characteristic (associated with the gene)
Term
tightly coiled threadlike structures along which the genes are organized
Definition
Chromosome
Term
Long complex molecule that encodes genetic characteristics
Definition
DNA
Term
The functional units of a chromosome composed of nucleotides
Definition
Genes
Term
How many chromosomes do we have
Definition
23
Term
XX, XY
Definition
female, male
Term
Fundamental unit of the brain
Definition
neurons
Term
network of neurons that extends all through the body
Definition
nervous system
Term
a group of glands that operates together and in parallel with the nervous system
Definition
endocrine system
Term
interneurons carry messages...
Definition
between the nerve cells
Term
branched fiber from cell body carries into neuron
Definition
dendrite
Term
cell body
Definition
soma
Term
attached to the soma, carries info to terminal button through electric charge called action potential
Definition
axon
Term
bulblike structures at end of axon that release neurotransmitters in synapse
Definition
terminal buttons
Term
action potential
Definition
the charge it takes to send the message
Term
All or none principle
Definition
Go or don't go concerning neurons
Term
synaptic transmission
Definition
the relaying of messages between neurons
Term
resting potential
Definition
the charge the neuron has all the time
Term
Produces sensations of pleasure and reward; used by CNS neurons in voluntary movement
Definition
dopamine
Term
Regulates sleep, mood, pain, aggression, appetite, and sexual behavior
Definition
seratonin
Term
Controls heart rate, sleep, sexual responsiveness, stress, vigilance, and appetite
Definition
norepinephrine
Term
Primary transmitter used by neurons carrying messages from CNS; involved in some kinds of learning and memory
Definition
acetylcholine
Term
Most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in neurons of CNS
Definition
GABA
Term
Primary excitatory neurotrsnmitter in CNS; involved in learning and memory
Definition
Glutamine
Term
Pleasurable sensations and control of pain
Definition
endophins
Term
What two groups is the PNS divided into
Definition
Autonomic and somatic
Term
What are the two groups of the autonomic nervous system
Definition
sympathetic and parasympathetic
Term
which one between parasympathetic and sympathetic is the fight or flight
Definition
sympathetic
Term
master gland
Definition
pituitary
Term
Which system adds emotions, complex motives, and increased memory abilities
Definition
limbic
Term
which part of the brain enables reasoning, planning, creating, and problem solving
Definition
cerebrum
Term
What part of the brain drives vital functions such as heart rate, breathing, and digestion
Definition
brain stem and cerebellum
Term
Part of the brain that controls heart rate
sleep and dreams
message director
coordinated movement such as walking, running
Definition
medulla
pons
thalamus
cerebellum
Term
longterm memories
Definition
hippocampus
Term
involved in memory/emotion. Particularly fear and aggression
Definition
amygdala
Term
brains blood testing lab, constantly monitors blood to determine the condition of the body
Definition
hypothalamus
Term
Sensory and spacial orientation
Definition
parietal
Term
hearing
Definition
temporal
Term
complex thinking
Definition
frontal
Term
speech
Definition
brocca's area
Term
any stimulus that produces no conditioned response prior to learning
Definition
neutral stimulus
Term
iniital learning stage in classical
Definition
acquisition
Term
Classical conditioning pscychologist
Definition
Pavlav
Term
What was pavlav initially studying
Definition
digestive system of dogs
Term
Weakening of a conditioned association in the absence of an unconditioned stimulus or reinforcer
Definition
extinction
Term
spontaneous recovery
Definition
reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a time delay
Term
experimental neurosis
Definition
can't distinguish between two stimuli. often causes anger
Term
stimulus generalization
Definition
giving a conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimuli
Term
stimulus discrimination
Definition
responding to one stimulus but not to stimuli that are similar
Term
Selective CS-UCS connection and innate disposition to associations
Definition
Garcia&Keolling
Term
What memory function involves modification of information to fit the preferred format of the memory system
Definition
encoding
Term
What is storage in memory
Definition
retention of the encoded material over time
Term
What involves the location and recover of information from memory
Definition
access and retrieval
Term
sensory memory can hold how many items
Definition
12 or more
Term
How many items disappear before they enter the next stage of memory from the sensory memory
Definition
all but 3-4
Term
working memory is the same as
Definition
short term memory
Term
how long is short term memory
Definition
20 seconds
Term
what is elaborative rehearsal
Definition
the process in which information is actively reviewed and related to information already in the LTM
Term
What helps us to remember events
Definition
episodic buffer
Term
what helps attach meaning to words
Definition
semantic buffer
Term
what helps attach meaning to words
Definition
semantic buffer
Term
Levels of processing theory
Definition
explanation for the fact that info that is more thoroughly connected to meaningful terms in LTM will be better remembered
Term
Which type of LTM, declarative or procedural takes effort to recall
Definition
declarative
Term
What is retrograde amnesia
Definition
inability to remember information previously stored in memory
Term
what is anterograde amnesia
Definition
inability to form memories for new information
Term
What is the physical trace of memory?
Definition
engram
Term
What says that the more closely the retrieval clues match the form in which the information was encoded, the better the information will be remembered
Definition
encoding specificity principle
Term
What is prospective memory
Definition
remembering to remember
Term
What is trying to keep intended actions in mind
Definition
continuous monitoring
Term
What sin is the imperanence of a LTM
Definition
transience
Term
Who did the forgetting curve
Definition
ebbinghaus
Term
what is it called when one item prevents us from forming a robust memory of another item
Definition
interference
Term
proactive interference
Definition
old memory disrupts remembering new
Term
retroactive
Definition
new info prevents remembering old
Term
Monkeys and physical touch
Definition
Harlow
Term
Premie babies
Definition
Field
Term
Imprinting
Definition
Lorenz
Term
human attachment is innate
Definition
Bowlby
Term
Attachment style/ strange situation
Definition
Ainsworth
Term
object permanance
Definition
sensorimotor stage of Piagets stages
Term
Second stage of Piaget-egocentrism, animalistic thinkin, centration, irreversibility
Definition
preoperational
Term
Kohlberg
Definition
Moral reasoning
Term
psychosocial changes in development
Definition
Erikson
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