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| What is psychology defined as? |
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| The science of behavior and mental processes. |
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| T/F- Psych is mostly about mental disorders and therapy |
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| These psychologists use knowledge developed by experimental psychologists to solve human problems |
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| These psychologists would work in sports, schools, counseling, clinical, rehab, or engineering |
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| Any approach to explaining phenomena in the natural world that does not use empirical observation or the scientific method |
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| T/F psychologists do not use the scientific method to test their ideas empirically |
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| An approach to research that relies on sensory experience and observation as research data |
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| A five step process for empirical investigation of a hypothesis under conditions designed to control biases and subjective judgments. |
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| What are the five steps of the scientific method |
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develop a hypothesis
performing a controlled test
gathering objective data
analyzing the results
publishing, criticizing, and replicating the results |
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| Group that is exposed to the variable |
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| Group that is not given the variable |
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| What are the six main perspectives of psychology |
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biological
cognitive
behavioral
whole-person
developmental
sociocultural |
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| Which perspective focuses on nervous and endocrine systems, as well as evolutionary advantages of behaviors. They say that we are complex systems that respond to hereditary and environmental influences |
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| Which perspective says that we are information processing systems. They focus on mental processes including sensation, perception, learning, memory, and language |
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| Which perspective says that we respond to surrounding according to principles of behavioral learning. They focus on the laws connecting our responses to stimulus conditions in the environment |
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| This perspective says we are driven by unconscious motives. They focus on counseling and psychotherapy |
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| This perspective says that people undergo predictable patterns of change throughout their lives. They focus on patterns of developmental change and their underlying influences |
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| This perspective says that we are social animals; human behavior must be interpreted in a social context. They focus on social interaction, socialization, and cross cultural differences. |
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| This tradition is devoted to uncovering basic structures that make up mind and thought |
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| This tradition believed mental processes could best be understood in terms of their adaptive purpose and function. |
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| What is the Gestalt psychology tradition |
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| It is interested in how we construct "perceptual wholes" |
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| This tradition argued that psychology should deal solely with observable events |
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| Which tradition asserted that mental disorders arise from conflicts in the unconscious mind |
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| 64% of psychologists are in this group. |
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| What is the speciality in psychology that studies the interaction of biology, behavior, and mental processes |
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| it focuses on how the brain produces mental processes and behavior |
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| What is the key to evolution |
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| What is the theory that says individuals best adapted to the environment are more likely to flourish and reproduce |
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| What is the organisms genetic makeup |
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| An organisms observable physical characteristic (associated with the gene) |
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| tightly coiled threadlike structures along which the genes are organized |
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| Long complex molecule that encodes genetic characteristics |
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| The functional units of a chromosome composed of nucleotides |
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| How many chromosomes do we have |
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| Fundamental unit of the brain |
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| network of neurons that extends all through the body |
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| a group of glands that operates together and in parallel with the nervous system |
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| interneurons carry messages... |
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| branched fiber from cell body carries into neuron |
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| attached to the soma, carries info to terminal button through electric charge called action potential |
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| bulblike structures at end of axon that release neurotransmitters in synapse |
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| the charge it takes to send the message |
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| Go or don't go concerning neurons |
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| the relaying of messages between neurons |
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| the charge the neuron has all the time |
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| Produces sensations of pleasure and reward; used by CNS neurons in voluntary movement |
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| Regulates sleep, mood, pain, aggression, appetite, and sexual behavior |
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| Controls heart rate, sleep, sexual responsiveness, stress, vigilance, and appetite |
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| Primary transmitter used by neurons carrying messages from CNS; involved in some kinds of learning and memory |
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| Most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in neurons of CNS |
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| Primary excitatory neurotrsnmitter in CNS; involved in learning and memory |
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| Pleasurable sensations and control of pain |
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| What two groups is the PNS divided into |
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| What are the two groups of the autonomic nervous system |
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| sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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| which one between parasympathetic and sympathetic is the fight or flight |
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| Which system adds emotions, complex motives, and increased memory abilities |
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| which part of the brain enables reasoning, planning, creating, and problem solving |
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| What part of the brain drives vital functions such as heart rate, breathing, and digestion |
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| brain stem and cerebellum |
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Part of the brain that controls heart rate
sleep and dreams
message director
coordinated movement such as walking, running |
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medulla
pons
thalamus
cerebellum |
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| involved in memory/emotion. Particularly fear and aggression |
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| brains blood testing lab, constantly monitors blood to determine the condition of the body |
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| Sensory and spacial orientation |
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| any stimulus that produces no conditioned response prior to learning |
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| iniital learning stage in classical |
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| Classical conditioning pscychologist |
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| What was pavlav initially studying |
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| Weakening of a conditioned association in the absence of an unconditioned stimulus or reinforcer |
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| reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a time delay |
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| can't distinguish between two stimuli. often causes anger |
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| giving a conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimuli |
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| responding to one stimulus but not to stimuli that are similar |
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| Selective CS-UCS connection and innate disposition to associations |
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| What memory function involves modification of information to fit the preferred format of the memory system |
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| What is storage in memory |
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| retention of the encoded material over time |
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| What involves the location and recover of information from memory |
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| sensory memory can hold how many items |
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| How many items disappear before they enter the next stage of memory from the sensory memory |
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| working memory is the same as |
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| how long is short term memory |
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| what is elaborative rehearsal |
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| the process in which information is actively reviewed and related to information already in the LTM |
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| What helps us to remember events |
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| what helps attach meaning to words |
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| what helps attach meaning to words |
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| Levels of processing theory |
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| explanation for the fact that info that is more thoroughly connected to meaningful terms in LTM will be better remembered |
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| Which type of LTM, declarative or procedural takes effort to recall |
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| What is retrograde amnesia |
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| inability to remember information previously stored in memory |
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| what is anterograde amnesia |
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| inability to form memories for new information |
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| What is the physical trace of memory? |
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| What says that the more closely the retrieval clues match the form in which the information was encoded, the better the information will be remembered |
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| encoding specificity principle |
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| What is prospective memory |
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| What is trying to keep intended actions in mind |
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| What sin is the imperanence of a LTM |
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| Who did the forgetting curve |
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| what is it called when one item prevents us from forming a robust memory of another item |
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| old memory disrupts remembering new |
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| new info prevents remembering old |
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| Monkeys and physical touch |
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| human attachment is innate |
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| Attachment style/ strange situation |
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| sensorimotor stage of Piagets stages |
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| Second stage of Piaget-egocentrism, animalistic thinkin, centration, irreversibility |
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| psychosocial changes in development |
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