Psychoanalytic Theory

-Freud's routes to the unconscious

1-hypnosis/free association

2-slips of the tounge

3-dreams

Hypnosis/Free association

-didnt think it was reliable enough

-want unfiltered response (if you relax can let subconcious come out)

Freudian Slips

-talking about something and then say something unrelated

Dreams

latent-what dreams are really about

manifest-what is remembered

6 Defense Mechanisms

-ways to cover up what you're actually thinking

1-repression

2-denial

3-projection

4-reaction formation

5-rationalization

6-displacement

Repression

-keep from conscious mind

*express aniexty due to repressed/stressful things in subconscious

Denial

-wont admit truth to self/anyone else

Projection

-when you ascribe emotions you're experiencing to someone else

(ex-are you angry at dad? no hes angry at me)

Reaction Formation

-superficially experience emotion directly opposite of how you feel

(ex-happy for friend who got promotion over you)

Rationalization

-make up reason for why you did something thats not really the reason

(reason to cover up real intention)

Displacement

-dont feel comfortable displaying emotion to one person-->take it out on someone else

(ex-mad at boss but take it out on wife)

Id

-impulses

-basic drives and emotions

-works on PLEASURE principle

(babies = pure id)

Ego

-mediator ("negotiator)

-works on REALITY principle

Superego

-conscience

-internalization of all cultures rule

-how to act to successfully live in the world w/other people

Contradictory Impulses

libido and thanatos

Libido

-life principle

-life force

-part of you wants to live *do things that inhance survival

Thanatos

-death impulse

-something about us wants to die/other people to die

(predatorial behavior)

Fixed Energy System

-energy can be devoted to excitation of inhibition

-->can use energy to repress infor (depressed)

->if not doing "normal things"

->all energy to inhibition

Collective Unconscious

-Carl Jung 

-we all share an unconscious mind

(archetypes/dream symbols)

-same storeis from diff civilations (beleved humans united through unconscious mind)

Inferiority Complex 

-alfred adler

-all motivation comes from feelings of inferiority

sublimation-taking somethng neg and turing it pos

Electra Complex

-Karen Horney

-have feelings for opposite sex parent

Defense Mechanisms

Anna Freud

-defense mechanisms are good but overcoming is better

Self Theory

(Carl Rogers)

1-Underlying Healthiness

2-Ideal Self

3-Self Actualizing tendency

Underlying Healthiness

-belief in peoples ability to cooperate

Ideal Self

-We al lhave a picture of what we want to be

-more difference btwn ideal and actual = psychopathology

(rogers believed people could overcoem problems)

Self Actualizing tendency

-to be all you can be

-we try to experience mastery

Heirarchy of Human Needs

(Maslow)

1-physiological needs

2-safety needs

3-belonging and love needs

4-esteem needs

5-need for self actualization

physiological needs

-need to survive (resources)

safety needs

-protection from environment and people

belonging and love needs

-social beings- be part of group

esteem needs

-be higher rank w/in a group

need for self actualization

-developing self, confidence, mastery of world

-do this for SELF not for other people

Galen 4 Humors

1-Blood - sanguine (happy)

2-phlegm phlegmatic

3-black bile - choleric (angry)

4-yellow bile - melancholic

behavioral theories on personality

-personality is entirely learned (no genetic predisposition-explains wide variety in personality)

-learning is ideosyncratic

(learn diff things @ diff times(=)

learned helplessness

(seligman)

control - in shock harness, controlable shock group

(neg reinforcement)

-other group cant escape

-dogs used to shock when put in shock room that were able to get away just sat and whimpered

-->were taught how to escape

PROVES-cognitive therapy works

Locus of Control

(rotter)

-location of control = internal or external

internal (better) -take responsibility for everything in life; feel in control-avoid depression

external-believe they arent in control of life

Self Efficacy

(bandura)

-ability to have effect in life

Cattell

-how can you describe a person fully-what characteristics are most important

-source vs surface traits

source traits

ex- nice

-overall trait

surface traits

ex- friendly, compassionate

-link these together to make up source traits

original study

-attempt to describe personality (adj)

L-Data: list of surface traits decided by friends from list of 170 adj

Q-data: people assess themselves on questionnaire

-Finds 16 source traits (personality factors)

Questionnaire = 16PF

Constitutional Theory of Personality

(eysenck)

1-ectomorph

-thin-->anxious; irritable

2-mesomorph

-muscular-->autoritative; assertive

3-endomorph

-fat-->easy going; friendly ; depressed

2 types of source traits

1-Introversion - Extroversion

2-Neuroticisim-Stability

Source Trait combinations

-introverted + neurotic = melancholic

-introverted + stable = phlegmatic

-extroverted + neurotic = choleric

-extroverted + stable = sanguine (happy)

The big 5 Personality Factors

1-openness-nonopenness

2-conscientiousness-undirectedness

3-extroversion-introversion

4-agreeableness-antagonism

5-neuroticism-stability