Equilibrium 

(maintaining a balanced or constant state)

Physiological needs

safety

love and belongingness

esteem

sef-actualization

Competence- able to bring about desired outcomes

relatedness- need to engage in warm relations with others

autonomy- the sense that we are in control of our own life

Primary emotions combine to form secondary emotions

Ex: "alarm"=fear+surprise

How and when to display emotion

factors:

cultural differences

power differences

gender differences

Distress

Dysfunction/impairment

Statistical deviance

Biological approach- organic, internal causes

Psychological approach-experiences, thoughts, emotions

Sociocultural approach- social context in which person lives

deficits in social communication

restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior

present in early development

Persistent anxiety for at least six months, and in which the individual is unable to specify the reasons for the anxiety

(disorder)

Recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause 

(disorder)

Irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation

(disorder)

An intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situations

(disorder)

Recurrent and persistent distress-causing thoughts

repetitive behaviors driven by obsession

(Disorder)

Exposure to a traumatic event that has overwhelmed the person's ability to cope

re-experiences trauma through triggers

(disorder)

Depressive episodes

Major changes in sleep patterns, weight level, and a loss of interest in pleasurable activities

(disorder)

Learned helplessness

depressogenic attributions

Alternating between depression and mania

Manic episodes

goes between depression and euphoria

Global

stable

internal

Extreme memory loss that stems from extensive psychological stress

(disorder)

Dissociative amnesia

Severe disorder of thought and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality

Delusions

Hallucinations

Causes of abnormal behaviors stem from traumatic or adverse childhood experiences

Analyzes avoided thoughts and feelings, wishes and fantasies, and significant past events

(therapy)

Therapy that shares and emphasis on 

development of human potential

belief that human nature is basically positive

Stresses importance of assuming responsibility for our lives and living in the present

Nondirective self-exploration

Warm, supportive atmosphere

unconditional positive regard, recognizes value of client

empathy

genuineness

(therapy)

Maladaptive behaviors must be directly confronted

merely increasing self-awareness is not enough

(therapy)

Systematic desensitization 

Our cognitive assessment of events is often the source of our distress (thoughts)

(therapy)

Irrational and self-deflating beliefs

eliminate these beliefs through rational examination

directive, persuasive, confrontational 

(therapy)

Illogical automatic negative thoughts

identify and challenge automatic thoughts

reflective, open-ended dialogue, less directive

(therapy)

Explores problematic patterns of both thinking and behaving

purges irrational negative thinking

behave in mood-incongruent ways

(therapy)

Drug therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy

Psychosurgery

What type of therapies are these?

Group therapies

Family and couples therapies

strategic family interventions

structural family therapy

What kind of therapy are these?

Therapy designed to remove barriers to effective communication

Hope for demoralized people

New perspective

A healthy relationship

A psychological state that deems acts as immoral or wrong

motivates punishment toward the guilty individual

can be turned off and on

Reframes immoral behavior as not a transgression

Harm 

Fairness

Liberty

Group Loyalty

Authority

Purity