Term
| If individuals expect someone identified as mentally ill to be hostile, they may act in unfriendly ways that provoke that person to respond with hostility. This illustrates the dangers of |
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Definition
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Term
| Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes are called |
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Definition
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Term
| To identify genes that put people at risk for depression, researchers have used |
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Definition
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Term
| Bipolar disorder is most likely to be characterized by |
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Definition
| alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism |
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Term
| After Anika learned that her history professor had suffered an anxiety disorder, she concluded that the professor's tendency to talk loudly was simply a way of disguising feelings of personal insecurity. This best illustrates the |
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Definition
| biasing power of diagnostic labels |
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Term
| Researchers recently estimated that approximately ________ percent of adult Americans had suffered a clinically significant psychological disorder during the prior year. |
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Definition
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Term
| The incidence of major depression is greatest among those |
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Definition
| reared apart from an identical twin who suffers the disorder |
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Term
| The vicious cycle of depression is often initiated by |
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Definition
| stressful life experiences |
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Term
| A psychotherapist is most likely to use the DSM-IV-TR in order to ________ various psychological disorders |
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Definition
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Term
| Seasonal affective disorder is most likely to be characterized by |
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Definition
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Term
| Compared with those who do not experience a disorder, those who abuse alcohol have a ________ risk of committing suicide. Compared with the general population, those who have been depressed have a ________ risk of committing suicide. |
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Definition
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Term
| Feelings of worthlessness are most likely to be associated with |
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Definition
| major depressive disorder |
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Term
| The conception of psychological disorders as biologically based sicknesses is known as the |
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Definition
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Term
| People who eat a “Mediterranean Diet” that is heavy on vegetables, fish, and olive oil have a comparatively low risk of developing |
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Definition
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Term
| To call psychological disorders “sicknesses” is especially likely to encourage research supporting |
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Definition
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Term
| Many clinicians diagnose disorders by answering questions from five levels, or ________, of the DSM-IV-TR |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following disorders typically occurs in periodic episodes that eventually terminate by themselves even without professional help? |
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Definition
| major depressive disorder |
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Term
| The upcoming DSM-5 is expected to appear in 2013, the eleventh edition of the ________, which covers both medical and psychological disorders, is expected to appear in 2014. |
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Definition
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Term
| In discovering that certain psychological disorders occur only in particular cultures, we are providing evidence for |
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Definition
| a biopsychosocial approach |
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Term
| Compared with those whose occupations require precision and logic, those whose occupations rely on emotional expression and vivid imagery are more likely to experience |
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Definition
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Term
| One way for people to break the vicious cycle of depression is to |
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Definition
| participate more often in activities they consider pleasant and rewarding |
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Term
| To facilitate diagnostic reliability, the DSM-IV-TR typically generates diagnoses by utilizing |
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Definition
| objective questions about observable behaviors |
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Term
| Learned helplessness is most closely associated with |
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Definition
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Term
| Norby, an 18-year-old first-year university student, has missed almost all his classes during the past month. He spends most of his time in his bedroom, frequently not even bothering to get dressed or eat meals. He thinks his whole life has been a failure and blames himself for being a social misfit. Norby is most likely suffering from |
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Definition
| major depressive disorder |
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Term
| According to Marin Seligman, the rise of Western individualism appears most clearly responsible for an increase in |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Recovery from a major depressive episode is likely to be permanent the ________ the first episodes appears and the ________ the number of previous episodes |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Relieving guilt through self-punishment is one of the motives for |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In terms of neurotransmitter levels, depression is associated with |
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Definition
| low norepinephrine levels and low serotonin levels |
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Term
| Jeremy has responded to the stress of his parents' divorce with excessive alcohol consumption and habitual smoking. These behaviors are most likely to place Jeremy at a heightened level of risk for |
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Definition
| major depressive disorder |
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Term
| Researchers have attributed the development of ADHD to |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Suicide rates are ________ among the rich than the poor, and they are ________ among young men than old men. |
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Definition
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Term
| If research indicated that phobias result from a chemical imbalance in the central nervous system, this would most clearly give added credibility to |
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Definition
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Term
| Mania is most likely to be characterized by feelings of |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In a study by David Rosenhan, researchers were admitted as patients into various mental hospitals after they falsely claimed to be “hearing voices.” This study best illustrated the negative effects of |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following disorders is classified as a mood disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| Major depressive disorder is said to occur when signs of depression last at least |
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Definition
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Term
| The most likely people to be diagnosed with ADHD are |
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Definition
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Term
| Self-blaming attributions are most likely to be associated with |
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Definition
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Term
| Judicial systems are responsible for making decisions regarding |
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Definition
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Term
| Mania is most likely to be experienced by those suffering |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Today's psychologists assume that disordered behavior is influenced by |
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Definition
**all of these factors
social circumstances
inner psychological dynamics
genetic predispositions and physiological states |
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Term
| Using DSM-IV-TR guidelines, two different clinicians are likely to give a specific patient the same diagnosis. This indicates that the DSM-IV-TR is |
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Definition
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Term
| The number-one reason people seek mental health services is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Dr. Garcia emphasizes that psychological disorders result from the interactive influences of individual genes, mood-related perceptions, and cultural definitions of normality and disorder. The doctor's emphasis best illustrates |
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Definition
| a biopsychosocial approach |
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Term
| After several weeks of feeling apathetic and dissatisfied with his life, Mark has suddenly become extremely cheerful and so talkative he can't be interrupted. He seems to need less sleep and becomes irritated when his friends tell him to slow down. Mark's behavior is indicative of |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Severely depressed individuals are especially likely to show reduced brain activity in the |
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Definition
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Term
| Stressful life events like the loss of a job are most likely to increase one's risk of |
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Definition
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Term
| Personally distressing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are considered to be symptoms of a psychological disorder if they are |
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Definition
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Term
| A therapist believes that Chet is chronically depressed because he takes too little credit for his many achievements and assumes too much responsibility for his few failures. The therapist's interpretation reflects a ________ perspective |
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Definition
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Term
| A biopsychosocial approach to substance abuse would be most likely to emphasize the interactive influences of |
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Definition
| nature and nurture on substance abuse. |
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Term
| The ability of mental health professionals to quickly communicate the characteristics of their patients' complex symptoms is most clearly facilitated by the use of |
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Definition
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Term
| Failures are most likely to lead to depression if they are explained in terms that are |
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Definition
| internal, stable, and global |
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Term
| Mental health workers would be likely to identify alcohol dependence as a psychological disorder because it is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Mira claims that alcohol dependence is a disease that, like pneumonia, can be cured or prevented with proper treatment. Her belief is most clearly consistent with |
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Definition
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Term
| Compared with men, women are much more likely to be diagnosed as suffering from |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The symptoms of ________ are likely to appear at an earlier age than the symptoms of ________. |
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Definition
| antisocial personality disorder; schizophrenia |
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