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Definition
Definitions vary with culture and situation
Behavior is labeled to be classified |
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| the result of a traumatic event in which the person experiences or witnesses an event that causes the victim/witness to experience extreme, disturbing or unexpected fear, stress or pain, and that involves or threatens serious injury, perceived serious injury or death to themselves or someone else |
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| an anxiety disorder. Agoraphobia may arise by the fear of having a panic attack in a setting from which there is no perceived easy means of escape |
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| self evaluation of the level of stress being experienced |
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At least 4 months
Much more common in women
Can be situational or reactive |
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Employs classical conditioning
Associate shock, nausea, or verbal ridicule to the problem behavior (for example, alcohol, cigarettes) |
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| created social cognitive theory |
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Definition
His theory on therapy:
Emphasize successes
Collaborative effort with the client
Therapist writes down the client’s negative thoughts, then challenges their distorted thinking
Try to get the client to make a new, fair self evaluation
Try to change self-limiting behaviors which limit the client’s potential |
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Definition
Establish basesline
Focus only on behavior change, no attempt to change personality
Therapy uses classical or operant conditioning |
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| change in behavior through therapeutic conditioning |
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| The Big five factors are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism |
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| At least 4+ episodes per year of severe mania and depression |
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| focus on treatment of Biological factors of genetics, brain chem., brain structure, brain trauma with drugs and stuff |
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| focus on changing behavior, not personality |
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| irrational appraisal of problems. blowing things out of proportions |
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| an extreme loss of motor skills or even constant hyperactive motor activity. Catatonic patients will sometimes hold rigid poses for hours and will ignore any external stimuli. Patients with catatonic excitement can die of exhaustion if not treated. Patients may also show stereotyped, repetitive movements. They may show specific types of movement such as waxy flexibility, |
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| In this technique, therapists create a comfortable, non-judgmental environment by demonstrating congruence (genuineness), empathy, and unconditional positive regard toward their patients while using a non-directive approach |
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| a psychotherapeutic approach that aims to solve problems concerning dysfunctional emotions, behaviors and cognitions through a goal-oriented, systematic procedure |
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| a medical condition existing simultaneously but independently with another condition in a patient |
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| rapport within oneself, or internal and external consistency, perceived by others as sincerity or certainty |
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| the quality of acting according to the dictates of one's conscience. It includes such elements as self-discipline, carefulness, thoroughness, organization, deliberation (the tendency to think carefully before acting), and need for achievement. |
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| as situations change, so do behaviors, though personality remains the same |
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| treatment used in the mental health or substance abuse fields. Patients are rewarded (or, less often, punished) for their behavior; generally, adherence to or failure to adhere to program rules and regulations or their treatment plan. |
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| Created the Big 5 or 5 factor model of personality |
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| undoing a previously conditioned behavior |
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Definition
| amount of stress, cultural view of disorders, etc. all affect personality disorders |
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| process of replacing long-stay psychiatric hospitals with less isolated community mental health services for those diagnosed with mental disorder or developmental disability |
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Definition
| a belief that is pathological (the result of an illness or illness process) and is held despite evidence to the contrary |
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Definition
At least 4 months
Much more common in women
Can be situational or reactive |
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Term
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Definition
Biological factors of genetics, brain chem., brain structure, brain trauma
Personal factors of high stress, family conflict
Both sides must exist. Genetic vulnerability alone is not enough to create the disease |
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| disorganized schizophrenia |
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Definition
| characterized by prominent disorganized behavior and speech (see formal thought disorder) including schizophasia, and flat or inappropriate emotion and affect |
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| dissociative identity disorder |
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| condition in which a person displays multiple distinct identities or personalities (known as alter egos or alters), each with its own pattern of perceiving and interacting with the environment |
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Definition
Ego experiences anxiety from losing control
Shields ego from threatening impulses
Repression: unknowingly placing an unpleasant memory or thought in the unconscious |
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| emotion-focused coping strategies |
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| involve releasing pent-up emotions, distracting one-self, managing hostile feelings, meditating, using systematic relaxation procedures, etc |
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| therapist tries to relate to the subject |
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| making a patient face their phobia through exposure to it |
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| branch of psychotherapy that works with families and couples in intimate relationships to nurture change and development. It tends to view change in terms of the systems of interaction between family members. It emphasizes family relationships as an important factor in psychological health. |
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| animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system, priming the animal for fighting or fleeing |
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| patients are invited to relate whatever comes into their minds during the analytic session, and not to censor their thoughts. The goal is to tap into the unconscious. Freudian technique. |
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| pioneer of psychodynamic therapy who put emphasis on the importance of the human subconscious |
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| general adaptation syndrome |
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Definition
| body's natural reaction to stress. 3 stages: alarm, resistance, exhaustion |
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| generalized anxiety disorder |
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Definition
| an anxiety disorder that is characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry about everyday things that is disproportionate to the actual source of worry. |
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| therapist must be true and authentic to the patient |
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| something you should never say at a football game with 2 angry niggers in front of you |
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| form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility, and that focuses upon the individual's experience in the present moment, the therapist-client relationship, the environmental and social contexts of a person's life, and the self-regulating adjustments people make as a result of their overall situation. |
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| when a person perceives something that does not exist |
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Definition
Focus on whole, self-concept
Anxiety related to poor self-concept
Problems result from incongruence
Therapeutic goals:
Person becomes aware of present self and their potential for improvement
Person shows congruence
Person is in control, making good life decisions |
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Definition
| the difference between a person's ideal self and real self as a result of societal pressures |
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| a condition of a human being or an animal in which it has learned to behave helplessly, even when the opportunity is restored for it to help itself by avoiding an unpleasant or harmful circumstance to which it has been subjected. Learned helplessness theory is the view that clinical depression and related mental illnesses result from a perceived absence of control over the outcome of a situation. |
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Emotional instability, exreme emotions.
mania, depression, bipolar |
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| used by trained professionals to assist in identifying personality structure and psychopathology. |
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| a psychological personality inventory; a 240-item measure of the Five Factor Model: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience. Additionally, the test measures six subordinate dimensions (known as 'facets') |
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| paranoid type (schizophrenia) |
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Definition
| dominated by relatively stable, often paranoid, delusions, usually accompanied by hallucinations, particularly of the auditory variety (hearing voices), and perceptual disturbances |
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Definition
| structure of the human personality based on the relationship between the id, ego, and superego. |
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| person-situation interaction |
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Definition
| the way the human cognition processes situations. as such, subtle differences may seem much more significant than they are in reality. People exhibit different behavioral responses in different situations. Further, two different people may exhibit different behaviors, in similar situations |
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Term
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Definition
Irrational intense fear
Caused by conditioned avoidance or observational learning of fear
For phobias, counter-conditioning is used to replace fear with relaxation. Something good is associated with the thing the person is scared of |
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| positive reappraisal coping |
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Definition
| therapist listens to client's appraisal of a situation then goes back and reappraises it taking out the unnecessary negativity |
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| psychodynamic perspective |
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Definition
Problems caused by unconscious conflicts and defenses from childhood
Long term treatment, detailed psychoanalysis |
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Definition
| the positive capacity of people to cope with stress and adversity |
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| created the idea of the General Adaptation Syndrome |
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| created the theory of learned helplessness |
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| traits are relatively stable over time, differ among individuals (e.g. some people are outgoing whereas others are shy), and influence behavior. |
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| a series of empirically-based studies that investigate how people develop beliefs about themselves (i.e., self-theories) and how these self-theories create their psychological worlds, shaping thoughts, feelings and behaviors |
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