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| Electroencephalogrpah (EEG) |
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| Suprachiasmic Nucleus (SCN) |
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| sends message to pineal gland |
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| one of the first theorists to recognize that consciousness is not an all or non phenomenon; dreams as wish fulfillment |
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| dreams as problem solving; info processing |
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| activation-synthesis model; dreams are side effects to neural activation |
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| Beta (low voltage, high frequency) |
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| sleep spindles; mixed waves; 20 min |
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| Delta (high voltage, low frequency); 30 min |
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| most dreaming (low voltage, high frequency) |
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| protective; restorative; growth |
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| Insomnia; narcolepsy; sleep apnea |
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| story-like; day residue; mostly mundane |
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| Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) |
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| Unconditioned Response (UCR) |
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| periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning |
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| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) |
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| Conditioned Response (CR) |
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| response to CS; learning by trigger (initial) response |
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| CR spreads to stimulus stimuli |
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| CR is restricted to specific stimuli |
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| CR reappears after extinction and non-exposure |
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| Skinner's rats; reinforcement (reward) & punishment; skinner's box |
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| delayed reinforcement; primary (water food); secondary (something given to obtain primary) |
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| rewarding approximations towards behavior (getting warmer) |
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| Higher ordered conditioning |
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| conditioned stimulus functions as a an unconditioned stimulus |
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| means removing (taking away) |
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| occurs when a organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others |
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| Bandura's Bobo doll study; observational learning |
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| to learn thru observation, one must pay attention to another's behavior |
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| one must store mental representation of what one has witnessed |
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| the ability to reproduce the response by converting your mental images |
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| one is unable to reproduce the response unless motivated |
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| when instincts interfere with the conditioned response |
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| Conditioned taste aversion |
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| conditioning a bad taste with something |
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| Encoding (forming a memory code); storage (maintaining encoded info in memory); retrieval (retrieving info from memory) |
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| Working (short-term) memory |
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| primary effects; recency effects |
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| general structure of knowledge |
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| most effective memory strategy |
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| most effective memory strategy |
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| the loss of memories for events that occurred before the amnesia |
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| the loss of memories for events that occur after amnesia |
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| nondeclarative (procedural) memory |
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| houses memory for actions, skills, conditioned responses, and emotional responses |
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| is made up of chronological, or personal experiences (episodes) |
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| contains general knowledge that one doesn't remembered when it was learned |
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| the smallest segment of sound |
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| smallest units of meaning in a language |
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| a system of rules that specify how words can be arranged into sentences |
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| fast-mapping facilitates rapid acquisition of new words (18 months) |
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| Holographs (holo-phrases) |
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| looking for relationships |
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| arrange parts of a problem to satisfy criteria |
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| sequence of transformations to reach a goal |
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| when we only think of the typical use for an object |
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| when we think of a solution that works so we can't see beyond it for a simpler solution |
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| we constrain ourselves in ways that are not necessary |
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| 6 approaches to problem solving |
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| trial and error, heuristics (rules of thumb), forming subgroups, working backwards, search for analogies, change the representation |
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| cost and benefit and the probabilities of those costs and benefits |
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| estimate probability of event by the ease of which it comes to mind |
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| something is more representative is more likely (heads of tails, picking heads bcuz it has been shown multiple times before) |
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| think bob is a librarian because of stereotypes even though there are more salesmen than librarians |
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| two events occurring together is more likely than just one |
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| thinking that what happened before is going to affect an independent event |
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| use most reliable sample size rather than ratio |
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| Nativists (innate language acquisition device, original sentences) |
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| arbitrary symbols that have a consensus meaning and structure of grammar |
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| a phrase used to convey an entire sentence |
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| the ability to reflect on use of language |
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| linguistic relatively(different languages lead people to view the world differently) |
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