Term
prenatal development
(2) embryonic stage |
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Definition
the second stage of prenatal development, lasting from two weeks until the end of the second month
-most of the vital organs and bodily systems being to form (heart, spine, brain)
-arms, legs, eyes, ears, fingers, hands, etc. already discernible |
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Term
prenatal developmenta
(1) germinal stage |
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Definition
| the first phase of prenatal development, encompassing the first two weeks after conception |
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Term
prenatal development
(3) fetal stage |
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Definition
the third stage of prenatal development, lasting from two months through birth
-muscles and bones begin to form
-capable of movement as skeletal structures harden
-sex organs start to develop
-last three months: layer of fat deposited under the skin, respiratory and digestive systems mature |
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Term
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Definition
| the head-to-foot direction of motor development |
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Term
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Definition
| the center-outward direction of motor development |
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Term
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Definition
| -play and explore comfortably with their mother present, become visibly upset when she leaves, and are quickly calmed by her return |
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Term
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Definition
| appear anxious even when their mothers are near and protest excessively when she leaves, but are not particularly comforted when she return |
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Term
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Definition
| seek little contact with their mothers and often are not distressed when she leaves |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which children map a word onto an underlying concept after only one exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| a child incorrectly uses a word to describe a wider set of objects or actions than it is meant to (ex. might use the word “ball” for anything round) |
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Term
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Definition
| occur when a child incorrectly uses a word to describe a narrower set of objects or actions that it is meant to be (ex. use the word “doll” to refer to one, special doll) |
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Term
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Definition
| consists mainly of content words; articles, prepositions, and other less critical words are omitted |
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Term
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Definition
| when grammatical rules are incorrectly generalized to irregular cases where they do not apply (ex. “The girl goed home.” “I hitted the ball.”) |
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Term
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Definition
STAGE 1: trust vs. mistrust
STAGE 2: autonomy vs. shame and doubt
STAGE 3: initiative vs. guilt
STAGE 4: industry vs. inferiority
STAGE 5: identity vs. confusion
STAGE 6: intimacy vs. isolation
STAGE 7: generativity vs. self-absorption
STAGE 8: integrity vs. despair |
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Term
Erikson
stage 1: trust vs. mistrust |
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Definition
"Is my world supportive and predictable?"
-trust in the world |
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Term
Erikson
stage 2: autonomy vs. shame and doubt |
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Definition
"Can I do things myself, or must I always rely on others?"
-sense of self-sufficiency |
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Term
Erikson
stage 3: initiative vs. guilt |
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Definition
"Am I good or am I bad?"
-function socially within their families |
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Term
Erikson
stage 4: industry vs. inferiority |
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Definition
"Am I competent or am I worthless?"
-learn to function socially beyond family |
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Term
Erikson
stage 5: identity vs. confusion |
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Definition
| "Who am I and where am I going?" |
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Term
Erikson
stage 6: intimacy vs. isolation |
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Definition
| "Shall I share my life with another or should I live alone?" |
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Term
Erikson
stage 7: generativity vs. self-absorption |
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Definition
| "Will I produce something of real value?" |
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Term
Erikson
stage 8: integrity vs. despair |
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Definition
| "Have I lived a full life?" |
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Term
Piaget
sensorimotor period (birth - 2) |
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Definition
| coordination of sensory input and motor responses |
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Term
Piaget
preoperational period (2-7) |
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Definition
| development of symbolic thought |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget’s term for the awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in their shape or appearance (ex. amount of water in beakers) |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to envision reversing an action |
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Term
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Definition
| a limited ability to share another person's viewpoint |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief that all things are living |
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Term
| concrete operational period (7-11) |
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Definition
| mental operations applied to concrete events |
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Term
| formal operational period |
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Definition
| mental operations applied to abstract ideas; logical, systematic thinking |
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Term
Kohlberg/Moral reasoning
preconventional level
stage 1: punishment orientation |
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Definition
| right and wrong is determined by what is punished |
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Term
Kohlberg/Moral reasoning
preconventional level
stage 2: naive reward orientation |
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Definition
| right and wrong determined by what is rewarded |
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Term
Kohlberg/Moral reasoning
conventional level
stage 3: Good boy/girl orientation |
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Definition
| right and wrong is determined by close others' approval or disapproval |
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Term
Kohlberg/Moral Reasoning
conventional level
stage 4: authority orientation |
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Definition
| right and wrong is determined by society's laws and rules, which should be obeyed rigidly |
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Term
Kohlberg/Moral reasoning
postconventional level
stage 5: social contract orientation |
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Definition
| right and wrong is determined by society's rules, which are viewed as fallible rather than absolute |
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Term
Kohlberg/Moral reasoning
postconventional level
stage 6: individual principles and conscious orientation |
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Definition
| right and wrong is determined by abstract ethical principles that emphasize equity and justice |
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Term
Marcia
identity statuses
(1) identity achievment |
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Definition
| successful achievement of a sense of identity |
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Term
Marcia
identity statuses
(2) identity foreclosure |
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Definition
| unquestioning adoption of parental or societal values |
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Term
Marcia
identity statuses
(3) identity moratorium |
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Definition
| delaying commitment for a while to experiment with alternative ideologies and careers |
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Term
Marcia
identity statuses
(4) identity diffusion |
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Definition
| absence of struggle for identity, with no obvious concern about it |
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