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| the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating |
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| a mental grouping of similar objects or ideas |
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| a mental image or best example of a category. matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories |
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| a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem |
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a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgement and solve problems efficiently
more error prone than algorithm |
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| a sudden realization of the solution to a problem |
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| a tendency to search for information that supports our beliefs and to ignore everything that would debunk it |
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| inability to think differently about a problem |
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| tendency to approach a problem in a way that was successful in the past |
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the tendency to think of things only in their usual functions
hinders problem solving |
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| representativeness heuristic |
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Definition
judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes
may lead to ignoring other information |
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estimating likelihood of events based on availability in memory
if events come readily to mind we think such events are common |
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| the tendency to be more confident than correct |
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| clinging to one's original conceptions even after they are discredited |
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| automatic feeling as contrasted with conscious reasoning |
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| the way an issue is posed which can affect decisions and judgements |
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| smallest distinctive sound unit in language |
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| the smallest unit that carries meaning in language |
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| system of rules that enables us to communicate with others |
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| way in which we derive meaning from language |
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| the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences |
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| at 4 months the infant utters various sounds unrelated to household language |
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| age 1-2 child speaks only one word |
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| early speech stage in which child speaks like a telegram |
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| impairment of language caused my left hemisphere damage to either Broca or Wernicke's area |
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| controls language expression |
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| controls language reception |
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| Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think |
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| a method for assessing an person's mental aptitudes |
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| mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations |
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| a general intelligence factor that underlies specific mental abilities |
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| statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test |
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| condition in which a person has an exceptional specific skill |
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measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binset
chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance |
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| defined as ratio of mental age to chronological age |
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| designed to predict a person's future performance |
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| defining meaningful scores by comparison with performance of a pretested group |
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| the symmetrical bellshaped curve that describes the distribution of many attributes |
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| extent to which a test yields consistent results |
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| extent that a test predicts what it is supposed to |
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| extent to which a test samples the behavior of interest |
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| success a test predicts the behavior its designed to predict |
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