Term
|
Definition
| Science of behavior and mental processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Beliefs that interfere with objectivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Principle that simple explanations of phenomena are preferred to complex explanations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In drug research, positive effects associated with a person's beliefs and attitudes about the drug, even when it contains no active ingredients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| System of investigation in which a person makes careful observations of a phenomenon, proposes theories to explain the phenomenon, makes hypotheses about future behaviors, and then tests these hypotheses through more research and observation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Explanation for a phenomenon based on careful and precise observations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prediction about future behaviors that is derived from observation and theories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In-depth study of a single person that can often provide suggestions for further research |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of behavior in its typical setting, with no attempt to alter it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Graph that depicts the relation between two variables |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Number ranging between -1.00 and +1.00 that represents the degree and direction of relation between two variables |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research method that involves collecting information from a selected group of people who are representative of a larger group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sample selected so that it reflects the characteristics of a population of interest to the researcher |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research method that involves manipulating independent variables to determine how they affect dependent variables |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Variable manipulated by a researcher to determine its effects on a dependent variable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Variable that shows the outcome of an experiment by revealing the effects of an independent variable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A careful and precise definition that allows other researchers to repeat an experiment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The group in an experiment that receives the effect of the independent variable being manipulated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A comparison group in an experiment that does not recerive the effect of the independent varibale being manipulated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Variables, other than the independent varibale, that can influence the outcome of an experiment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Assignment of experimental participants or two or more groups on the basis of chance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Branch of mathematics that involves the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Procedures used to summarize any set of data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Procedure used to summarize any set of data |
|
|
Term
| Measures of central tendency |
|
Definition
| Descriptive measures of a set of data that tell us about a typical score |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Descriptive measures that tell us about the amount of variability or spread in a set of data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Written documentation in which a person who might be involved in a research study agrees to participate after receiving information about the researcher's specific procedures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Procedure during which a complete explanation of research that has involved deception is provided to a participant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Earliest approach in modern psychology, founded by Wilhelm Wundt; its goal was to analyze the basic elements of conscious experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structural psychologists' major method, in which participants reported the contents of their conscious experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of higher mental processes, such as thinking, knowing, and deciding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Approached to psychology that focused on the purposes of consciousness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Approach to psychology most noted for emphasizing that our perception of a whole is different from our perception of the individual stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Credited with establishing the first psychology laboratory in 1879 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| His studies of digestion in dogs led to important observations about how animals associate events in their environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The founder of behaviorism declared that psychologists should limit their research to observable behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Perspective that focuses on observable behavior and emphasizes the learned nature of behavior |
|
|
Term
| Psychodynamic perspective |
|
Definition
| View taken by Sigmund Freud and his followers suggesting that normal and abnormal behaviors are determined primarily by unconsciour forces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| His principles provided the basis for many applications of psychology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| His influence can be seen not only in psychology but in many other fields |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Treatment for maladaptive behavior developed by Sigmund Freud; its goal is to bring unconscious causes of behavior to the conscious level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Approach to pschology assicoated with Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers; emphasizes free will and individuals' control of their own behavior |
|
|
Term
| Physiological perspective |
|
Definition
| View that behaviors and mental processes can be understood and explained by studying the underlying physiology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| His system of humanistic psychology focused on free will and being able to control one's own behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This physiological psychologist discovered the brain receptors for the neurotransmitters called endorphins and enkephalin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interest in the role a physiological structure or behavior plays in helping an organism adapt to its enviornment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| View that focuses on the study of how thought occurs, how our memories work, and how information is organized and stored |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The 14th president of the American Psychological Association, was the first woman to be elected to that position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A noted reseacher who was denied a regular academic position because she was married |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first African-American woman to receive a doctoral degree in educational psychology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first woman to receive a Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley. She later abandoned her career to care for her aging parents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first African-American to serve as president of the American Psychological Association |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conducted important research on consciousness of self and social identification in African-American preschoolers |
|
|
Term
| Environmental, population, and conservation perspectives |
|
Definition
| View that psychologists should be conscerned with the interactions among human behavoir, the population, and the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| View of psychology that combines several different approaches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Speciality of psychology that involves the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Medical doctor with specialized training in the medical treatment of mental and emotional disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specialty of psychology that deals with less serious problems than those treated by clinical psychologists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychologist whose primary activity is to conduct and report the results of experiments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The view that other cultures are an extention of one's own |
|
|
Term
| Cross-cultural psychology |
|
Definition
| Branch of psychology whose goal is to determine if research results can be applied to other cultures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychologist whose specialty encompasses diagnosing and treating learning disabilities and providing consultation on other problems of school-age children |
|
|
Term
| Industrial and organizational (I/O) psychologist |
|
Definition
| Physchologist who applies psychology to problems of business and other organizations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specialty of psychology that studies consumers and the choices they make |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Subfield of psychology that is concerned with how psychological and social varibales affect health and illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychologist who applies psychology to law and legal proceedings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychologist who provides services to athletes and coaches based on psychological principles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychologist trained in the diagnosis and rehabilitation of brain disorders |
|
|
