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| process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment |
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| process of organising and interpreting sensory info, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events |
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| analysis that begins with sensory receptors and works up to brain's integration of sensory info |
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| info processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations |
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| study of relationships between physical char. of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psych exp of them |
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| minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time |
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| theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background. Assumes there is no single abs threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's exp, expectations, motivation, and level of fatigue |
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| below one's abs threshold for conscious awareness |
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| activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response |
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| min difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of time (just noticeable difference) |
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| principle that, to be perceived as diff, two stimuli must differ by a constant min % |
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| diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation |
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| conversion of one form of energy into another |
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| distance from two adjacent crests |
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| dimension of color that is determined by wavelength of light |
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| amount of energy in light/sound wave, as determined by wave's amplitude |
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| adjustable opening in center of eye thru which light enters |
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| ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of eye around pupil and controls size of pupil opening |
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| transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina |
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| process by which eye's lens changes shape to focus near/far obj on retina |
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| light-sensitive inner surface of eye, containing receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual info |
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| condition in which nearby obj are seen more clearly b/c distant obj focus in front of the retina |
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| condition in which distant obj are seen more clearly b/c image of near obj is focused behind the retina |
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| retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision |
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| retinal receptors that are concentrated near center of retina and function in daylight or in well-lit conditions; fine detail and color |
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| nerve that carries neural impulses from eye to brain |
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| point at which optic nerve leaves eye since no receptor cells are located there |
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| central focal point in retina, aorund which cones cluster |
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| nerve cells in brain that respond to specific features of stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement |
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| processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously (brain functions) |
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| Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory |
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| theory that retina contains three diff color receptors (red, green, blue) which when stimulated can produce perception of any color |
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| opponent-processes theory |
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| theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision |
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| perceiving familiar obj as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the obj |
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| number of complete wavelengths per time |
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| tone's expereinced highness/lowness; depends on frequency |
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| chamber between eardrum and cochlea containing hammer, anvil, and stirrup that concentrate the birnation of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window |
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| a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear thru which sound waves trigger nerve impulses |
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| the innermost part of the ear containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs |
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| in hearing, theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated |
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| in hearing, theory that rate of nerve impulses traveling up auditory nerve matches frequency of a tone, enabling us to sense its pitch |
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| hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea |
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| Sensorineural hearing loss |
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| hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptors' cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness |
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| device that translates sounds into electrical signals and stimulating auditory nerve thru electrodes threaded into the cochlea |
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| theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by info coming from the brain |
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| the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste |
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| the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts |
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| sense of body movement and position, including sense of balance |
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