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Psych ch. 11
motivation
23
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
11/04/2009

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Term
motivation
Definition
need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Term
instinct theory
Definition
some behaviors are important for survival, unlearned behavior, but! it ignores our other causes of behavior
Term
drive-reduction theory
Definition
physiological needs produce tension and we are motivated to reduce the tension. this is a theory of motivation
Term
drive
Definition
internal, thrust or hunger
Term
incentives
Definition
external, can be positive or negative environmental sitmulus
Term
homeostasis
Definition
balanced internal state, we want to maintain that balance, regulation of an aspect of body chemistry
Term
arousal theory
Definition
body needs a certain level of arousal and we are motivated to behave in ways that increase arousal. all different in needed or desired level of arousal and too much or too little can be bad
Term
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Definition
we are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, start at the bottom and moveup the pyramid. when we meet one need, can go to the next one. includes physiological, safety, social, esteem, self acutalization
Term
physiological needs
Definition
food, water, air, etc.
Term
safety needs
Definition
need to feel safe and secure
Term
social needs
Definition
need to belong and be/feel loved
Term
esteem needs
Definition
need for achievement, confidence, respect, independence, and recognition.
Term
self actualization
Definition
living up the fullest potential of self. top of pyramid.
Term
criticisms of Maslows Hierarchy of needs
Definition
somewhat arbitrary (how do you know when get to fullest potential??), varies by culture
Term
3 major motivations
Definition
hunger, sex, need to belong
Term
physiology of hunger
Definition
have pangs of empty stomach, and body chemical and brain states influence
Term
body chemicals and brain states with hunger
Definition
glucose level, hypothalamus (when low sugar, it signals this), orexin, set point
Term
orexin
Definition
hunger triggering hormone that is sent by hypothalamus
Term
set point
Definition
point at which persons body weight is balanced and set
Term
psychology of hunger
Definition
memory of last meal is important, taste preferences by biology and culture, eating disorders
Term
anorexia nervosa
Definition
perceive self as being overweight and starve self but still feel fat
Term
bulimia nervosa
Definition
will shift from overeating and to periods of excessive exercise and throwing up
Term
Industrial-Organizational Psychology roles
Definition
selecting and placing employees, training employees, evaluating performance, maximize worker satisfaction and productivity
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