Term
| What is the difference between sensation and perception? |
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Definition
Sensations is the detection of physical energy emitted or reflected by physical objects.
Perception is how the brain organizes and makes of the sensory information. |
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Term
In sensation process :
What are the specialized cells called that convert physical energy into electrical energy that is transmitted as nerve impulse to the brain? Where are they located? |
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Definition
| Sense Receptors are located in the sense organs (nose, eyes, ears, etc) |
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Term
| What are sense receptors? and what process are they in? |
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Definition
Sense receptors are specialized cells called that convert physical energy into electrical energy that is transmitted as nerve impulse to the brain
Sensation |
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Term
| According to her notes what does the actual "sensing" in sensation process? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can there be more that 5 senses? |
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Definition
| Yes, ear is responsible for hearing but also for balance. |
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Term
| What does the doctrine of specific nerve energies state? |
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Definition
It says that there are different senses because signals received by specific nerve endings go through specific nerve pathways that lead to a specific part of the brain.
Ex: Sound waves trigger specific nerve path through the ear to the specific part of the brain. |
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Term
Sound waves trigger specific nerve path through the ear to the specific part of the brain.
What is this an example of? |
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Definition
Doctrine of specific nerve energies
(explain see sound) |
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Term
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Definition
| phenomenon in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway. (think metaphor) LOUD SHIRT |
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Term
| What term would describe a person that describes something to be velvety red? |
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Definition
Synesthesia
Feel/See (one sensory pathway makes you experience in a another sensory pathway) |
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Term
| What is absolute threshold? |
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Definition
| Smallest quanity of physical energy that can be detected by an observer. (If you detect it 50 percent of the time accurately then its reliable detection) |
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Term
| What is the difference between selective attention, cocktail party phenomenon and inattentional Blindness? |
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Definition
Selective attention is when you focus on parts of the environment but not others. You still process the extra stimuli because they are above the absolute threshold.
Cocktail party phenomenon- when you are on sensory overload you ignore unimportant information but can still catch on to important info (ICE CUBE/NAME)
Inattentional Blindness when you look but do not see a man in gorilla suit during ball game. |
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Term
| How do we avoid over stimulation? |
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Definition
Selective attention: only focus on some information
Cocktail party: only process information that is important but block out other unimportant information |
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Term
| Eye Structure List the 6 main structures and their function |
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Definition
| Cornea, Iris, Retina, Rods, Cones, Lens |
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Term
What is the function of the:
Cornea
Lens
Iris
Cornea
Retina
Rods/Cones |
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Definition
Cornea: Protects eye, bends rays toward lens
Lens: curves to focus ( more curvy for distant, less curvy for close objects)
Iris: light control (widens/dilates to allow more light in dark areas)
Retina: has the rods and cones
Rods: Located periphery of retina b/w
Cones: located in center of retina (color) |
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Term
| Where are the cones and rods located? |
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Definition
Retina
Cones: center of retina
Rods: Periphery of retina |
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Term
| What are rods and cones connected to that communicate with ganglion cells? |
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Definition
| Rods and cones are connected to Bipolar neurons that communicate with ganglion cells |
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Term
| What are ganglion cells responsible for? |
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Definition
| They make the optic nerve which carry information from the eye to the brain |
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Term
| How do the gangilion cells come in contact with the sense recptor cells of the eye? |
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Definition
The rods and cones connect to the gangilion cells by the bipolar nueron.
The gangilion cells make the optic nerve |
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Term
| A person with what condition may say that the color purple smells like a rose?? |
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Definition
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Term
During a break from your job in a resturant you are so engrossed in a book that you fail to notice the clattering of dishes or orders being called out to the cook.
What is this an example of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the optic nerve leave the eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain why we have a blind spot. |
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Definition
The optic nerve leaves the eye at the optic disk
The optic disk doesn't have any rods or cones (sense receptors). |
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Term
| what are 3 reasons we aren't aware of our blind spot? |
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Definition
1. Impage projected on the spot iis hitting a different non blind spot in the other eye
2. our eyes move so fast we can pick up the complete image
3. brain fills the gap |
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Term
| What is Gestalt psychology? What was his main principle? |
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Definition
He said people naturally organize perception by pattern
Principle: whole is different from the sum of the parts |
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Term
What is this an example of?
When you watch a movie you see the motion. But if examine it closely they are separate frames put together to make it appear in motion. |
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Definition
Gestalt Psychology
The whole is different then the sum of its parts |
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Term
What is this an example of?
A newspaper is made up of individual dots. Thousands of dots make a whole. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Gestalt principle of vision
when people see things that are proximal (close to eachother) they are grouped together |
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Term
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Definition
Gestalt principle of vision
The brain fills gaps to percieve a complete picture |
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Term
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Definition
similar items are grouped together
Example: pg 12 |
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Term
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Definition
Gestalt principle of vision
Lines and patterns are precieved to continue forever. |
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Term
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Definition
Gestalt principle of vision
The tendency to see 2 unstable pictures. (geometry) you can only see one and if you try to look at it simultaneously ...you can't. |
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Term
| What is Visual Constancy? |
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Definition
| Perceiving objects stable or unchanged despite the changes in sensory patterns they produce. |
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Term
Explain
Shape constancy
Location Constancy
Size Constancy
Brightness Constancy
Color Constancy |
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Definition
Shape: same shape despite how you look at it. (pie)
Location: Even though your moving ... other objects are not. (drive telephone pole)
Size: Same size regardless how close or far you are from it
Brightness: same brightness regardless of light relection (snow on cloudy day)
Color: same color regardless of light source |
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Term
| What are psychological and cultural influences on perception? |
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Definition
| Needs, Beliefs, Emotions, Expectations |
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Term
Explain these Psychological and cultural influences on perception.
Needs,beliefs,emotions,expectations |
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Definition
Needs: want something we perceive it (hungry people see and remember food related words in flash cards)
Beliefs: perceieve and interpret unclear signs according to beliefs. (WTC and Osamas Picture)
Emotions: Interpert sensory information according to how they feel. (scared kids see ghosts instead of hanging towel)
Expectation: tendency to perceieve what you expect called perceptual set |
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Term
| What is Subliminal Perception? |
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Definition
Even in selective attention, you are processing stuff above your absoulute threshold even though you don't recognize it.
Perceiving without awareness. |
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Term
| Do subliminal advertising work? |
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Definition
Data shows that it was hoax. Companies were using movie theathers to give subliminal messages to the audience during movies in order to get them to buy more coke and popcorn.
Study shows there must be motivation for sublimial messages to work. If the sublimial message is to eat... you must be hungry to want to eat. |
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