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| the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it (I knew it all along) |
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| why we cant rely only on intuition and common sense |
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| hindsight bias and judgmental overconfidence |
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| describes what has happened more easily than it predicts what will happen |
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| once people know the answer, hindsight makes it seem obvious and they become... |
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| passion to explore and understand w/o misleading or being misled |
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| What do you mean? how do you know? show me the evidence |
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| we may have to reject our own ideas |
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| thinking that doesn't blindly accept arguments and conclusions. rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. |
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| they make observations, form theories, then refine theories in light of new observations |
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| observation, explains through an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts behaviors or events |
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| testable prediction; be aware of that it can bias subjective observations |
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| a statement of hte procedures used to define research variables, so replication can occur |
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| study one individual in great depth in hope of revealing things true of us all |
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| technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by question a representative, random sample of them |
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| the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors |
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| best basis for generalizing |
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| from a representative sample of cases |
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| the whole group you want to study and describe |
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| sample that fairly represents a population b/c each member has an equal chance of inclusion |
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| observing and recording behavior in naturally ocurring situations w/o trying to manipulate and control the situation |
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| a measure of hte extent to which 2 factors vary together and thus of how well either factor predicts the other |
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| a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables |
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| indicates the possibility of a cuase-effect relationship but does not prove causation |
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| the perception of a relationship where non exists |
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| a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (ind variableS) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (dep variable) r |
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| random assignment of partticipants |
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| experimentaer aims to control other relevant factors |
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| an experimental procedure in which both the researhc participants and research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have recieved the treatment or a placebo |
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| just believing you are getting a treatment can boost your spirits, relax your body, and relieve your symptoms |
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| exposes participants to treatment |
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| serves as a comparision for evaluatin the effect of treatment |
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| assigning participants to experimental and ocntrol conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences b.w those assigned to the different groups |
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| measure of central tendency |
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| single score that represents a whole set of scoresavera |
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| derived from scores with low variability |
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| a stacomputed mesaure of how much scores vary around the mean |
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| when sample averages are reliable and the difference between them is relatively large; indicates likelihood that a result will happen by chancereul |
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| not speicifc findings, that help explain everyday behaviors |
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| shared ideas and behaviors that one generation passes on to the next |
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