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| a research method consisting of a baseline and treatment phase followed by the withdrawal of treatment and then a second implementation of the treatment. |
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| the development of a new behavior through reinforcement. |
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| a stimulus or event that precedes the target behavior. |
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| a stimulus that will decrease the future probability of a behavior when the stimulus is delivered contingent on the occurrence of the behavior. |
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| a behavior that prevents an aversive event. |
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| the condition or phase in which no treatment is implemented. |
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| what a person says or does (actions). |
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| a field of psychology concerned with analyzing and modifying human behavior (also called Applied Behavior Analysis). |
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| procedures often used to teach an organism a complex series of behaviors. |
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| an alternate behavior that occurs in the place of another target behavior- generally physically incompatible with the target behavior. |
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| the stimulus or event occurring immediately after behavior. |
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| a relationship between a response and a consequence in which the consequence in presented if and only if the response occurs. |
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| the environmental events that influence the probability of a particular behavior. |
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| a condition in which the organism has gone without a particular reinforcer for a period of time that makes that reinforcer more potent. |
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| Differential Reinforcement |
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Definition
| a procedure in which a specific desirable behavior is followed by a reinforcer but other behaviors are not. |
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| an aspect that can be measured and modified. |
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| the stimulus that is present when a particular behavior is reinforced. |
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| the time from the onset of the behavior to the offset of the behavior. How long an instance of behavior lasts. |
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| behavior that results in the termination of an aversive stimulus. |
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| an event that increases the potency of a particular reinforcer at a particular time. |
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| the process by which, when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequences, the frequency of the behavior decreases in the future. |
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| the process by which, when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US, the CS gradually ceases to elicit the conditioned response (CR). |
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Definition
| the phenomenon in which, when a behavior is no longer reinforced, the behavior temporarily increases in frequency, duration, or intensity before it decreases. |
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| the gradual removal of prompts as the behavior continues to occur in the presence of the discriminative stimulus. |
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| the number of times a behavior occurs in a specific time period. |
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Definition
| the process of generating information on the events preceding and following the behavior in an attempt to determine which antecedent and consequences are reliably associated with the occurrence of the behavior. |
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| a process in which behavior occurs in the presence of antecedent stimuli that are similar in some way to the discriminative stimulus presented when a behavior was reinforced. |
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| a visual representation of the occurrence of the behavior over time. |
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| the physical force or magnitude of the behavior. |
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| Interobserver Reliability |
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Definition
| occurs when two observers independently observe and record behavior at the same time and agree on the occurrence of the behavior. |
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| the time between the occurrence of consecutive responses. |
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| the time from some stimulus to the onset of the behavior. |
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| a behavior that produces a favorable effect on the environment will be more likely to be repeated in the future. |
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| a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. |
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| a type of prompt in which the trainer demonstrated the target behavior for the learner. |
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| a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. |
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Definition
| the opportunity to engage in high-probability behavior is made contingent on the occurrence of a low- probability behavior to increase the low- probability behavior. |
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| a stimulus used to increase the likelihood that an organism will engage in the desired behavior at the desired time. |
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| a stimulus or event that, when presented contingent on occurrence of a behavior, decreases that future probability of the behavior. |
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| the process in which a behavior is followed by consequence that results in a decrease in the future probability of the behavior. |
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| the frequency of the behavior divided by the time of the observation period. |
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| the process in which the occurrence of a behavior is followed by the consequence that results in an increase in the future probability of the behavior. |
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| a stimulus or event that increases the future probability of the behavior. |
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| Respondent (Classical) Conditioning |
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Definition
| a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A once neutral stimulus begins to produce an anticipatory and/or preparatory response for a stimulus. |
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Definition
| a stimulus that is present when a behavior is not reinforced. |
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Definition
| progressive loss if effectiveness of a reinforcer. |
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Definition
| the reinforcement of successive approximation to a target behavior. Used to establish a novel topography or dimension of behavior. |
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Term
| Spontaneous Recovery (Operant) |
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Definition
| the process in which, when a behavior has been extinguished, the behavior may occur again in the future, in circumstances in which it was previously reinforced. |
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| Spontaneous Recovery (Respondent) |
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Definition
| the process in which, when a conditioned response (CR) has been extinguished, the CR may occur at a later time when the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented again. |
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Definition
| an environmental event that can be detected by one of the senses. |
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Definition
| a behavior that more closely resembles the target behavior. |
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| the behavior to be modified |
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Definition
| the antecedent that is present when the behavior occurs, the behavior, and the reinforcing consequence. |
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Definition
| a reinforcement system in which conditioned reinforcers called tokens are delivered to people for desirable behaviors. The tokens are later exchanged for backup reinforcers. |
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