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PSYCH 5060
Applied Behavior Analysis
54
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
08/18/2011

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Term
A-B-A-B Design
Definition
a research method consisting of a baseline and treatment phase followed by the withdrawal of treatment and then a second implementation of the treatment.
Term
Acquisition
Definition
the development of a new behavior through reinforcement.
Term
Antecedent
Definition
a stimulus or event that precedes the target behavior.
Term
Aversive Stimulus
Definition
a stimulus that will decrease the future probability of a behavior when the stimulus is delivered contingent on the occurrence of the behavior.
Term
Avoidance Behavior
Definition
a behavior that prevents an aversive event.
Term
Baseline
Definition
the condition or phase in which no treatment is implemented.
Term
Behavior
Definition
what a person says or does (actions).
Term
Behavior Modification
Definition
a field of psychology concerned with analyzing and modifying human behavior (also called Applied Behavior Analysis).
Term
Chaining
Definition
procedures often used to teach an organism a complex series of behaviors.
Term
Competing Response
Definition
an alternate behavior that occurs in the place of another target behavior- generally physically incompatible with the target behavior.
Term
Consequence
Definition
the stimulus or event occurring immediately after behavior.
Term
Contingency
Definition
a relationship between a response and a consequence in which the consequence in presented if and only if the response occurs.
Term
Controlling Variables
Definition
the environmental events that influence the probability of a particular behavior.
Term
Deprivation
Definition
a condition in which the organism has gone without a particular reinforcer for a period of time that makes that reinforcer more potent.
Term
Differential Reinforcement
Definition
a procedure in which a specific desirable behavior is followed by a reinforcer but other behaviors are not.
Term
Dimensions of Behavior
Definition
an aspect that can be measured and modified.
Term
Sd
Definition
the stimulus that is present when a particular behavior is reinforced.
Term
Duration
Definition
the time from the onset of the behavior to the offset of the behavior. How long an instance of behavior lasts.
Term
Escape Behavior
Definition
behavior that results in the termination of an aversive stimulus.
Term
Establishing Operations
Definition
an event that increases the potency of a particular reinforcer at a particular time.
Term
Extinction (Operant)
Definition
the process by which, when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequences, the frequency of the behavior decreases in the future.
Term
Extinction (Respondent)
Definition
the process by which, when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US, the CS gradually ceases to elicit the conditioned response (CR).
Term
Extinction Burst
Definition
the phenomenon in which, when a behavior is no longer reinforced, the behavior temporarily increases in frequency, duration, or intensity before it decreases.
Term
Fading
Definition
the gradual removal of prompts as the behavior continues to occur in the presence of the discriminative stimulus.
Term
Frequency
Definition
the number of times a behavior occurs in a specific time period.
Term
Functional Assessment
Definition
the process of generating information on the events preceding and following the behavior in an attempt to determine which antecedent and consequences are reliably associated with the occurrence of the behavior.
Term
Generalization
Definition
a process in which behavior occurs in the presence of antecedent stimuli that are similar in some way to the discriminative stimulus presented when a behavior was reinforced.
Term
Graph
Definition
a visual representation of the occurrence of the behavior over time.
Term
Intensity
Definition
the physical force or magnitude of the behavior.
Term
Interobserver Reliability
Definition
occurs when two observers independently observe and record behavior at the same time and agree on the occurrence of the behavior.
Term
Interresponse time (IRT)
Definition
the time between the occurrence of consecutive responses.
Term
Latency
Definition
the time from some stimulus to the onset of the behavior.
Term
Law of Effect
Definition
a behavior that produces a favorable effect on the environment will be more likely to be repeated in the future.
Term
Learning
Definition
a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience.
Term
Modeling
Definition
a type of prompt in which the trainer demonstrated the target behavior for the learner.
Term
Operant Conditioning
Definition
a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.
Term
Permack Principle
Definition
the opportunity to engage in high-probability behavior is made contingent on the occurrence of a low- probability behavior to increase the low- probability behavior.
Term
Prompt
Definition
a stimulus used to increase the likelihood that an organism will engage in the desired behavior at the desired time.
Term
Punisher
Definition
a stimulus or event that, when presented contingent on occurrence of a behavior, decreases that future probability of the behavior.
Term
Punishment
Definition
the process in which a behavior is followed by consequence that results in a decrease in the future probability of the behavior.
Term
Rate
Definition
the frequency of the behavior divided by the time of the observation period.
Term
Reinforcement
Definition
the process in which the occurrence of a behavior is followed by the consequence that results in an increase in the future probability of the behavior.
Term
Reinforcer
Definition
a stimulus or event that increases the future probability of the behavior.
Term
Respondent (Classical) Conditioning
Definition
a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A once neutral stimulus begins to produce an anticipatory and/or preparatory response for a stimulus.
Term
S-
Definition
a stimulus that is present when a behavior is not reinforced.
Term
Satiation
Definition
progressive loss if effectiveness of a reinforcer.
Term
Shaping
Definition
the reinforcement of successive approximation to a target behavior. Used to establish a novel topography or dimension of behavior.
Term
Spontaneous Recovery (Operant)
Definition
the process in which, when a behavior has been extinguished, the behavior may occur again in the future, in circumstances in which it was previously reinforced.
Term
Spontaneous Recovery (Respondent)
Definition
the process in which, when a conditioned response (CR) has been extinguished, the CR may occur at a later time when the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented again.
Term
Stimulus
Definition
an environmental event that can be detected by one of the senses.
Term
Successive Approximation
Definition
a behavior that more closely resembles the target behavior.
Term
Target Behavior
Definition
the behavior to be modified
Term
three- term contingency
Definition
the antecedent that is present when the behavior occurs, the behavior, and the reinforcing consequence.
Term
Token Economy
Definition
a reinforcement system in which conditioned reinforcers called tokens are delivered to people for desirable behaviors. The tokens are later exchanged for backup reinforcers.
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