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Psych 353
Midterm
29
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
02/16/2009

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Bowlby's 4 stages of attachment
Definition
-pre attachment (signs like eye contact, grasping)

-attachment in the making (direct connection to caregiver)

-clear-cut attachment (attachment evident)

-reciprocal attachment/goal-corrected partnership (children understand parents needs and goals)
Term
(Ainsworth) types of attachment
Definition
1. Secure (uses parent as base, seek contact when parent returns)

2. Avoidant (unresponsive to parent, no distress when leaves)

3. Resistant (doesn't explore, seeks closeness with parent, upon return becomes angry and resistant)

4. Disorganized (confused behaviors, seem glazed, spacey, mothers are avoidant and inconsistent) - lack of sensitivity
Term
preterm
Definition
born several weeks before due date, size may be expecgted for time in utero; weight less than 5 lbs 8 oz, or less than 37 wks gestation
Term
small for date
Definition
low birth weight for length of pregnancy (associated with more serious problems)

risk factor in attachment problems, abuse
Term
bonding
Definition
the emotional tie from parent to infant
Term
attachment
Definition
specific tie which develops as a result of experiences with one's primary caregiver
Term
identifications
Definition
parent sees himself/herself in the baby, positive and negative attributes emerge
Term
bi-directionality
Definition
a set of interactive processes whereby parents and children react to each other/influence each other
Term
Leach on sleep
Definition
go in once in a while and say "you're ok" soothe
Term
Spock
Definition
you need to teach them to sleep, leave them and let them cry
Term
Ferber on sleep
Definition
go in every 5, then 10, then 15 minutes (establishes routine)
Term
Lamb's caution
Definition
mothers do play, but not as proportionate to the other activities that they do
Term
Social referencing
Definition
Parents emotional expressions and reactions to ambiguous information provides a guide to response (children learn about themselves and how to react to the world)
Term
display rules
Definition
mothers and fathers increasingly teach their children about ways to express and suppress emotions
Term
the single most powerful predictor of empathy in adulthood...
Definition
how much time the children's father spent with them
Term
mutual consent registries
Definition
birth parents sign contract agreeing that their adopted child can contact them
Term
Rosenburg's phases of adoption
Definition
Phase I: conception, pregnancy, and birth
Phase II: post pardum
Phase III: infancy
Phase IV: Preschool
Phase 5: school years
Phase 6: adolescence
Term
PIAGET'S STAGE THEORY
Definition
-Sensorimotor (birth to 2): coordination of sensory input and motor responses, object permenance

-Preoperational (2 to 7): development of symbolic thought, egocentrism, centration, irreversibility

-Concrete Operational(7-11): mental operations applied to concrete events; mastery of conservation, hierarchical classification

-Formal Operations (11-on): mental operations applied to abstract ideas, logical and systematic thinking
Term
ERIKSON'S STAGE THEORY
Definition
0-2: TRUST v. MISTRUST is my world predictable and supportive?
2-4: AUTONOMY v. SHAME AND DOUBT can i do things myself or must I always rely on others?
4-6: INITIATIVE v. GUILT Am i good or am i bad?
6-puberty: INDUSTRY v. INFERIORITY am i competent or am i worthless?
adolescence: IDENTITY v. CONFUSION who am i and where am i going?
early adulthood: INTIMACY v. ISOLATION shall i share my life with another or live alone?
middle adulthood: GENERATIVITY v. SELF-ABSORPTION will i produce something of real value?
late adulthood: INTEGRITY v. DESPAIR Have I lived a full life?
Term
KOHLBERGS STAGE THEORY
Definition
PRECONVENTIONAL
-punishment orientation: right and wrong determined by what is punished
-naive reward orientation: right and wrong determined by what is rewarded

CONVENTIONAL
-good boy/good girl orientation: determined by approval or disapproval
-authority orientation: society's rules and laws, should be obeyed rigorously

POSTCONVENTIONAL
-social contract orientation: society's rules, but they are fallible
-individual principle and conscious orientation: abstract ethical principles that emphasize justice and equality
Term
Thomas and Chess - temperaments
Definition
Difficult

Slow to warm

easy baby

goodness of fit
Term
Penelope Leach's temperaments
Definition
miserable

jumpy

sleepy

wakeful
Term
Buss and Plomin's Temperamental Variables
Definition
-emotionality: distress ranges from stoic lack of reaction to intense emotional response

-activity: lethary to intense or extreme energy

-sociability: preference for others vs. being alone
Term
BRONFENBRENNER'S ECOLOGICAL THEORY
Definition
Microsystem: social relationships and settings a person experiences daily

Exosystem: social strucutres which directly or indirectly affect a person's life
ex: parents job

Macrosystem: overarching cultural patterns of a society

Mesosystem: connections and interrelationships among microsystems (e.g. how well the school and parents interact and share values, how parental relationships can enhance or impede social skills with peers)
Term
Parenting Styles
Definition
-authoritarian
-authoritative
-permissive
-uninvolved
Term
Parental Discipline
Definition
-love withdrawal
-power assertion
-induction
Term
sibling de-identification
Definition
idea that if one child occupies a role/status the other needs a separate role or aspect of identity (athlete, scholar)
Term
Parten's steps to play
Definition
non social activity/solitary play

parallel play

associative play

cooperative play
Term
sociometry
Definition
look at how children interact in a social world. child you would like to sit with, play with. not like to be sitting next to
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