Term
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Definition
| A set of instructional models in which students work in mixed-ability groups to reach specific learning & social interaction objectives. |
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| Mastery-focused environment |
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Definition
| A classroom environment that emphasizes effort, continuous improvement, and understanding. |
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| Performance-focused environment |
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Definition
| A classroom environment that emphasizes high grades, public displays of ability, and performance compared to others. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of setting personal goals, combined with the motivation, thought processes, strategies, and behaviors that lead to reaching the goals. |
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Term
| Personal teaching efficacy |
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Definition
| A teacher's belief that he or she can cause all students to learn regardless of their prior knowledge or ability. |
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Term
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Definition
| Beliefs that the faculty as a whole can have a positive effect on students. |
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Term
| Positive classroom climate |
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Definition
| A classroom environment where the teacher and students work together as a community of learners, to help everyone achieve. |
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Term
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Definition
| A climate variable that creates a predictable learning environment and supports learner autonomy together with a sense of physical and emotional security. |
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Definition
| Learners' awareness of what they are supposed to be learning and an understanding of why the task is important and worthwhile. |
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Term
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Definition
| A lesson beginning that attracts attention and provides a conceptual framework for the lesson. |
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Term
| Productive learning environment |
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Definition
| A classroom that is orderly and focused on learning. |
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Term
| What 3 factors contribute to the importance of classroom management? |
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Definition
1) Public & professional concerns about classroom management.
2) The complexities of classroom life.
3) The influence of orderly classrooms on learning & motivation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Actions teachers take to create an environment that supports & facilitates both academic & social-emotional learning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Teachers' responses to student misbehavior. |
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Term
| Community of caring and trust |
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Definition
| A classroom environment where learners feel physically & emotionally safe & their needs for belonging & relatedness are met. |
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Term
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Definition
| A professional skill that includes preparing materials in advance, starting classes & activities on time, making transitions quickly & smoothly, & creating well-established routines. |
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Term
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Definition
| Guidelines for accomplishing recurring tasks, such as sharpening pencils and making transitions from one activity to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| A teacher's awareness of what is going on in all parts of the classroom at all times & communicating this awareness to students. |
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Term
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Definition
| A nonaccusatory communication that addresses a behavior, describes the effects on the sender, and the feelings it generates in the sender. |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach to classroom management that promotes a clear & firm response style with students. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consequences that are conceptually related to the misbehavior. |
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Term
| Culturally responsive classroom management |
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Definition
| Classroom management that combines teachers' awareness of possible personal biases with cultural knowledge. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to intervene without disrupting the flow of a lesson. |
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Term
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Definition
| Teaching that maximizes student learning. |
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Term
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Definition
| A statement that specifies what students should know or be able to do with respect to a topic or course of study. |
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Term
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Definition
| The area of learning that focuses on memory & higher cognitive processes such as applying & analyzing. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of breaking content into component parts & sequencing the parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| The match between learning objectives, learning activities, & assessments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Teacher talk that omits vague terms from explanations & responses to students' questions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Instruction that is thematic & leads to a point. |
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Term
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Definition
| Verbal statements indicating that one idea is ending and another is beginning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Verbal & vocal cues that alert students to important information in a lesson. |
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Term
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Definition
| The result of stimuli that teachers use to maintain attention during learning activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of calling on all the students in a class as equally as possible. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prescriptive approaches to teaching designed to help students acquire a deep understanding of specific forms of knowledge. |
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Term
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Definition
| An instructional model designed to teach well-defined knowledge & skills needed for later learning. |
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Term
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Definition
| An instructional model designed to help students acquire organized bodies of knowledge. |
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Term
| Organized bodies of knowledge |
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Definition
| Topics that connect facts, concepts, & principles, & make the relationships among them explicit. |
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Term
| What are the 4 phases of lecture-discussions? |
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Definition
- Introduction & review
- Presenting information
- Comprehension monitoring
- Integration |
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Term
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Definition
| A model of instruction that involves teachers' scaffolding students' construction of concepts & the relationships among them. |
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Term
| What are the 5 phases of guided discovery? |
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Definition
- Introduction & review
- The open-ended phase
- The convergent phase
- Closure
- Application |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of instructional models in which students work in mixed-ability groups to reach specific learning & social interaction objectives. |
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Term
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Definition
| A theory suggesting that learners create their own knowledge of the topics they study rather than receiving that knowledge as transmitted to them by some other source |
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Term
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Definition
| A constructivist view that focuses on individual, internal constructions of knowledge (Piaget) |
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Term
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Definition
| A view of constructivism suggesting that learners first construct knowledge in a social context and then individually internalize it (Vygotsky) |
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Term
| Sociocultural learning theory |
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Definition
| A form of social constructivism that emphasizes the social dimensions of learning, but places greater emphasis on the larger cultural contexts in which learning occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| A learning environment in which the teacher and all the students work together to help everyone achieve |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of a learning community? |
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Definition
| 1) All students participate in learning activities. 2) Teachers & students work together to help one another learn. 3) Student-student interaction is an important part of the learning process. 4) Teachers & students respect difference in interests, thinking, & progress. 5) The thinking involved in learning activities is as important as answers. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of having a less-skilled learner work at the side of an expert to develop cognitive skills. |
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Term
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Definition
| As students perform tasks, teachers ask questions and provide support, decreasing the amount of scaffolding as students' proficiency increases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Teachers encourage students to express their developing understanding in words, which allows teachers to assess both the students' skills and their thinking. |
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Term
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Definition
| As students' proficiency increases, teacher present them with more challenging problems or other tasks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Teachers ask students to identify new applications of what they've learned. |
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Term
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Definition
| A theoretical position in social constructivism suggesting that learning depends on, and cannot be separated from, the context in which it occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to take understanding acquired in one context and apply it to a different context. |
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Term
| What are the four characteristics that influence learning? |
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Definition
1) Learners construct knowledge that makes sense to them.
2) New learning depends on current understanding.
3) Social interaction facilitates learning.
4) Meaningful learning occurs within real-world tasks. |
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Term
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Definition
| A learning activity in which students practice thinking similar to that required in the real world. |
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Term
| What types of knowledge are students expected to construct? |
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Definition
1) Declarative
2) Procedural
3) Conditional |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to generate a variety of original answers to questions or problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Problems with completed solutions that provide students with one way of solving these problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| A learning strategy in which learners construct visual relationships among concepts. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of checking to see if we understand what we have read or heard. |
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Term
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Definition
- Survey
- Question
- Read
- Recite
- Review |
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