Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Psych 327 Final Test set 3
Unit 14
29
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
05/04/2016

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Early Childhood Education and Kindergarten Readiness 1a. Project Head Start
Definition
Started in 1965. Began as President Lyndon Johnson’s war on poverty. Federal program mean to be comprehensive, not just education but include health services and social services. Parents involvement encouraged. Traditionally : 3-5y
Term
Bronfenbrenner
Definition
famous psychologist
Creator of ecological theory. Big component of comprehensive approach. Changes since 1965 – Originally part time only, now full time. In 1994 congress authorized early head start: newborn – 3y.
Term
Effective Schooling
Definition
2a. Attributions: childrens beliefs about why they succeed or fail.
five factors: 1. Ability 2. Effort
3. Luck
4. Task difficulty
5. Strategy use
Term
Internal vs. external
Definition
–Ability effort and strategy use vs. luck, task difficulty
Term
Stability
Definition
Luck/task difficulty changes. Some think ability unchangeable, some think it can change.
Term
Controllability
Definition
You can control effort, strategies used. Can’t control luck
Term
Helpless Orientation
Definition
(worse thing a child can develop. Children attribute failures to their own lack of ability. Attribute success to things they can’t control (Luck)
Term
entity view of ability
Definition
view ability as fixed and unchangeable. Whatever they got is what they got and it won’t get better. They avoid anything that is possibly challenging. b/c failure reaffirms you suck
Term
Persistence
Definition
Child will give up quick, In their mind if they are capable it should come easy, if it doesn’t they don’t have the ability and never will so why try. Why continue.
Term
performance goals
Definition
Seek out tasks they are sure they can do well on. Look for things they find easy. Always avoid challenges you won’t improve skill/ability.
Term
Cooperative Learning
Definition
Vygotsky big promoter of group learning. Been promoted for a few decades. Kids work together in small groups to solve problems. Earn grades based on performance of group. Students work together cooperatively and are dependent on each other to achieve group goals, but individually accountable for work.
Term
collaborative skills
Definition
Learn to interact to give constructive feedback to group members and encourage equal participation. Learn to monitor self If not monitored well: 1. Group members do all the work
2. One group member dominates. (my way or highway) 3. Waste a lot of time. Talking about irrelevant things.
4. Any inappropriate/ineffective things that may happen.
Term
positive effects on students
Definition
1. Improve students achievement
2. Improve academic self concepts (began to believe “hey I can do this”)
3. Introduce perspective of peers of different backgrounds
Term
Stage-Environment Fit
Definition
pertains particularly to transition from elementary to middle school Refers to mismatch b/w schools structure and child's environmental needs
Term
modifying school structures to be:
Definition
1. Encourage learning orientated goals
2. Use cooperative learning techniques
3. Focusing honors and awards on initiative, effort, improvement
4. Allow student more control in classroom decision making.
5. Schedule regular advisor sessions
Term
Educating Children with Exceptional Needs
Definition
. Children with Exceptional Needs Require extra help beyond what is needed by peers
Term
Exceptional needs includes
Definition
Medical/physical/emotional issues or dev. difficulties interfere with learning because of: 1. Cognitive difficulties
2. Behavioral problems (ex: ADHD)
Physical difficulties
4. Absence from school b/c of medical conditions Untied States Public Law 94-142 –
Students w/ special needs are entitled to a free and approriate education. Most commonly known as ‘Individuals with Disabilities Act’ (IDEA)
Term
an individualized education plan (IEP)
Definition
Describes services and needs and specific goals for instruction
Term
least restrictive environment
Definition
Educated in regular classroom as much as is possible
Term
Numbers
Definition
2005-2006 school year – (public) about 14% received federal funds due to disability.
Term
Of the students who received funding support:
Definition
1. Most 41% received services for specific learning disability (reading/math)
2. 22% get services for speech and language production
3. 8% mental retardation
Because of IDEA – ability to make friends, learn from non-stable children and get stimulation from regular classroom
Term
Benefits to nondisabled children
Definition
Make friends w/ someone w/ disability. Not segregating
Term
1. Newer Forms of Media 1a. Computer Games versus Video Games
Definition
Games played on a computer are generally more educational then those played on a video console. Use conceptual skills, logic, and cognitive strategies-less fast paced. Help introduce young children to computers
Term
Benefits of educational games
Definition
directly: Basic reading/math skills Indirectly-confidence in computer use Divergent thinking skills. Consider new cognitive strategies. Organize thinking. To use feedback. Interactive designs – Designers have to be careful that element of game is less distracting and more beneficial.
Term
The Internet
Definition
children's access increasing greatly. Only beginning to understand effects on children.
Term
12 to 18 year olds
Definition
about 80% online and .5 online every day. Use for school work but #1 reason to use is for social communication
Term
What has and hasn’t been examined
Definition
Much of research has focused on online communication and just on teenagers (adolescence) More and more preteens logging on today. Don’t know if impact diff. b/w younger vs. older. Don’t know if impact cognitive skills/abilities for good or bad.
Most research says its fine
Term
1. Cultural Orientations 1a. Individualism vs. Collectivism
Definition
Individualism – Involves general belief that people are dependent of each other. Individualistic cultures focus on individual rights above duties. Concern for oneself and immediate family. And personal autonomy and self fulfillment. Identity based on personal achievement.
collectivism – view that individuals are interdependent. Member of a social group. Greatest concerns should be the groups goals, values, well-being. Emphasis is fulfilling duty to others even if that means sacrificing own happiness. Others b4 self. Identity based on group beliefs, accomplishments, characteristics not individual ones.
Term
Country or individual
Definition
Any specific individual in country does not share orientation. Many people in America (Americans) do not have individualistic orientation themselves. Minority groups tend to have collectivist orientation. Psychologists like to generalize but can lead to trouble, stereotype and biased. This is a generalization. As pertains to Child: these impacts parenting
Supporting users have an ad free experience!