Term
| Early Childhood Education and Kindergarten Readiness 1a. Project Head Start |
|
Definition
| Started in 1965. Began as President Lyndon Johnson’s war on poverty. Federal program mean to be comprehensive, not just education but include health services and social services. Parents involvement encouraged. Traditionally : 3-5y |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
famous psychologist
Creator of ecological theory. Big component of comprehensive approach. Changes since 1965 – Originally part time only, now full time. In 1994 congress authorized early head start: newborn – 3y. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2a. Attributions: childrens beliefs about why they succeed or fail.
five factors: 1. Ability 2. Effort
3. Luck
4. Task difficulty
5. Strategy use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| –Ability effort and strategy use vs. luck, task difficulty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Luck/task difficulty changes. Some think ability unchangeable, some think it can change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| You can control effort, strategies used. Can’t control luck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (worse thing a child can develop. Children attribute failures to their own lack of ability. Attribute success to things they can’t control (Luck) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| view ability as fixed and unchangeable. Whatever they got is what they got and it won’t get better. They avoid anything that is possibly challenging. b/c failure reaffirms you suck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Child will give up quick, In their mind if they are capable it should come easy, if it doesn’t they don’t have the ability and never will so why try. Why continue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seek out tasks they are sure they can do well on. Look for things they find easy. Always avoid challenges you won’t improve skill/ability. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vygotsky big promoter of group learning. Been promoted for a few decades. Kids work together in small groups to solve problems. Earn grades based on performance of group. Students work together cooperatively and are dependent on each other to achieve group goals, but individually accountable for work. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Learn to interact to give constructive feedback to group members and encourage equal participation. Learn to monitor self If not monitored well: 1. Group members do all the work
2. One group member dominates. (my way or highway) 3. Waste a lot of time. Talking about irrelevant things.
4. Any inappropriate/ineffective things that may happen. |
|
|
Term
| positive effects on students |
|
Definition
1. Improve students achievement
2. Improve academic self concepts (began to believe “hey I can do this”)
3. Introduce perspective of peers of different backgrounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pertains particularly to transition from elementary to middle school Refers to mismatch b/w schools structure and child's environmental needs |
|
|
Term
| modifying school structures to be: |
|
Definition
1. Encourage learning orientated goals
2. Use cooperative learning techniques
3. Focusing honors and awards on initiative, effort, improvement
4. Allow student more control in classroom decision making.
5. Schedule regular advisor sessions |
|
|
Term
| Educating Children with Exceptional Needs |
|
Definition
| . Children with Exceptional Needs Require extra help beyond what is needed by peers |
|
|
Term
| Exceptional needs includes |
|
Definition
Medical/physical/emotional issues or dev. difficulties interfere with learning because of: 1. Cognitive difficulties
2. Behavioral problems (ex: ADHD)
Physical difficulties
4. Absence from school b/c of medical conditions Untied States Public Law 94-142 –
Students w/ special needs are entitled to a free and approriate education. Most commonly known as ‘Individuals with Disabilities Act’ (IDEA) |
|
|
Term
| an individualized education plan (IEP) |
|
Definition
| Describes services and needs and specific goals for instruction |
|
|
Term
| least restrictive environment |
|
Definition
| Educated in regular classroom as much as is possible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2005-2006 school year – (public) about 14% received federal funds due to disability. |
|
|
Term
| Of the students who received funding support: |
|
Definition
1. Most 41% received services for specific learning disability (reading/math)
2. 22% get services for speech and language production
3. 8% mental retardation
Because of IDEA – ability to make friends, learn from non-stable children and get stimulation from regular classroom |
|
|
Term
| Benefits to nondisabled children |
|
Definition
| Make friends w/ someone w/ disability. Not segregating |
|
|
Term
| 1. Newer Forms of Media 1a. Computer Games versus Video Games |
|
Definition
| Games played on a computer are generally more educational then those played on a video console. Use conceptual skills, logic, and cognitive strategies-less fast paced. Help introduce young children to computers |
|
|
Term
| Benefits of educational games |
|
Definition
| directly: Basic reading/math skills Indirectly-confidence in computer use Divergent thinking skills. Consider new cognitive strategies. Organize thinking. To use feedback. Interactive designs – Designers have to be careful that element of game is less distracting and more beneficial. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| children's access increasing greatly. Only beginning to understand effects on children. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| about 80% online and .5 online every day. Use for school work but #1 reason to use is for social communication |
|
|
Term
| What has and hasn’t been examined |
|
Definition
Much of research has focused on online communication and just on teenagers (adolescence) More and more preteens logging on today. Don’t know if impact diff. b/w younger vs. older. Don’t know if impact cognitive skills/abilities for good or bad.
Most research says its fine |
|
|
Term
| 1. Cultural Orientations 1a. Individualism vs. Collectivism |
|
Definition
Individualism – Involves general belief that people are dependent of each other. Individualistic cultures focus on individual rights above duties. Concern for oneself and immediate family. And personal autonomy and self fulfillment. Identity based on personal achievement.
collectivism – view that individuals are interdependent. Member of a social group. Greatest concerns should be the groups goals, values, well-being. Emphasis is fulfilling duty to others even if that means sacrificing own happiness. Others b4 self. Identity based on group beliefs, accomplishments, characteristics not individual ones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any specific individual in country does not share orientation. Many people in America (Americans) do not have individualistic orientation themselves. Minority groups tend to have collectivist orientation. Psychologists like to generalize but can lead to trouble, stereotype and biased. This is a generalization. As pertains to Child: these impacts parenting |
|
|
