Define:

Probability

Probability is defined as a proportion, a specific part out of the whole set of possibilities.

Define:

Proportion

A part of the whole.

Usually expressed as a fraction.

A sample obtained using a process that gives every individual an equal chance of being selected and keeps the probability of being selected constant over a series of selections.

A sampling technique that returns the current selection to the population before the next selection is made.

A required part of random sampling.

A symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution with proportions corresponding to those listed in the unit normal table.

A table listing proportions corresponding to each z-score location in a normal distribution.

A score that is identified by the percentage of the distribution that falls below its value.

The percentage of a distribution that falls below a specific score.

The distribution of probabilities, for each possible outcome, for a series of observations of a dichotomous* variable.

*Dichotomous Variable: A variable that is classified in exactly two categories (See also: Binomial)

(Number of ways event A can occur)

(Total number of possible outcomes)

Formula:

X – pn

√npq

Formula:

pn

Formula:

√npq

Define:

Distribution of Sample Means

Define:

Sampling Distribution

A distribution of statistics (as opposed to a distribution of scores).

The distribution of sample means is an example of a sampling distribution.

Define:

Expected Value of M

The mean of the distribution of sample means.

The average of the M values.

Define:

Standard Error of M

The standard deviation of the distribution of sample means.

The standard distance between a sample mean and the population mean.

Define:

The Central Limit Theorem

Formula:

σ_M

σ

√n

Formula:

Z