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| all of the sexual attitudes, feelings, and behaviors associated with being human; refers to a dimension of one's personality, not sexual drive |
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| a face-to-face position of sexual intercourse in which the woman lies on her back and the man lies on top with his legs between hers; named from Christian Missionaries who thought other positions were immoral |
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| the attitude that the behaviors and customs of one's own ethnic group or culture are superior to others |
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| the belief that body and soul are separate and antagonistic |
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| the period during the reign of Queen Victoria of England (1819-1901); with regard to sexuality, it was a time of great public prudery (the pleasurable aspects of sex were denied) and many incorrect medical beliefs |
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| a period in US history, beginning about 1960, of increased sexual permissiveness |
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| the process of internalizing society's beliefs; the manner in which a society shapes individual behaviors and expectations of behaviors |
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| the social influences (e.g. parents, friends, media) that shape behaviors |
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two meanings:
1) the adoption of the sex roles of teh same-sex parent by a child
2) in advertising, to identify or relate to a product |
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| a study of people's attitudes, opinions, or behaviors |
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| the complete set of observations about which a researcher wishes to draw conclusions |
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| a subset of a population of subjects |
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| a sample in which observations are drawn so that all other possible samples of the same size have an equal chance of being selected |
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| a sample in which subgroups are randomly selected in teh same proportion as they exist in the population |
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| a bias in research results that is caused by differences between people who agree to participate and others who refuse |
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| a mathematical measure of the degree of relationship between two variables |
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| observing and recording the activity of subjects as they conduct their activities |
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| an in-depth study of an individual |
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| the prejudicing of observations and conclusions by the observer's own belief system |
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| a study in which an investigator attempts to establish a cause-and-effect relationship by manipulating a variable of interest (the independent variable) while keeping all other factors the same |
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-Libido
-made many incorrect beliefs about sex, including belief that loss of semen was as detrimental to a man's health as was loss of blood
-demonstrated influence of sexuality in human life |
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-kept diary to document his death by his "dreaded disease" (from nocturnal emissions)
-devoted remainder of life to sexual research (but remained virgin)
-physician
-thought men and women's orgasms were similar
-thought menstration and homosexuality should be considered normal |
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-afraid he would go insane because he masturbated
-major influence in changing 20th-century attitudes about sex |
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-physician and behavioral scientist
-directly observed humans during sexual behavior
-developed first methods for treating sexual problems
-opened sexual therapy clinic |
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| the external female genitalia, including the mons veneris, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vaginal opening, and urethral opening |
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| the soft layer of fatty tissue that overlays the pubic bone in women; covered with pubic hair during puberty |
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| two elongated folds of skin extending from the mons to the perineum in women; outer surfaces covered with hair |
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| two hairless elongated folds of skin located between the labia majora; meet above clitoris to form clitoral hood |
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| hairless bit of skin between anus and vagina (or scrotum) |
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| part of labia minora that covers the clitoris |
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| glands located at teh base of teh labia minora in women that contribute a small amount of an alkaline fluid to their inner surfaces during sexual arousal (make better environment for sperm) |
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| small, elongated erectile structure in women that develops from the same embryonic tissue as the penis; no function besides sexual arousal |
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| term used to refer to area between two labia minora |
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| ring of sphincter muscles that surrounds the vaginal opening in women or the root of the penis in men |
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| structures surrounding the vaginal opening that fill with blood during sexual arousal, resulting in swelling of the tissues and a narrowing of the vaginal opening |
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| thin membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening in many sexually inexperienced women; not good indicator of virginity |
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| passageway from bladder to exteriro of the body; in men, also passageway for semen |
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| glands that provide milk for infants |
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| Milk-producing glands of the breast |
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| low-radiation x-rays used to detect breast tumors |
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| sheathlike canal in a woman that extends from the vulva to the cervix and that receives the penis during intercourse |
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| (PC muscle) major muscle in the pelvic region; voluntary control over this muscle (to help prevent urinating or enhance physical pleasure) is gained through Kegel exercises |
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| exercises that are designed to strengthen the PC muscle that surrounds the bladder and vagina |
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| small, sensitive area on the front wall of the vagina found in about 10% of women |
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| womb; hollow, muscular organ in women where the fertilized egg normally implants |
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| inner mucous membrane of the uterus where a fertilized egg implants; thickness varies with phase of mentral cycle |
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| passageways that eggs follow on their way to the uterus |
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| female gonad in which ova are produced |
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| an immature ovum enclosed by a single layer of cells |
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| a test for cancer of the cervix in women |
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| male organ for sexual intercourse and the passageway for sperm and urine |
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| removal of all or part of the foreskin of the penis; removal of the clitoral hood |
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| cheesy secretion of sebaceous glands that can cause the clitoris to stick to the clitoral hood or the foreskin of teh penis to stick to the glands |
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| pouch beneath the penis that contains the testicles |
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| male gonads that produce sperm and male hormones |
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| elongated cordlike structure on teh back of a testicle; it's the first part of the duct system that transports sperm out of a man's body |
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| second part of the duct system that transports sperm out of a man's body |
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| one-inch-long paired tubes that pass through the prostate gland; third part of the duct system that transports sperm out of a man's body |
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| passageway from the bladder to the exterior of the body; or for semen |
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| two structures that contribute many substances to the seminal fluid |
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| gland in men that surrounds the origins of the urethra and neck of the bladder and contributes many substances to the seminal fluid |
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| two pea-shaped structures located beneath the prostate gland in men that secrete a few drops of an alkaline fluid prior to orgasm |
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| chemical substances that are secreted by ductless glands into the bloodstream; carried by bloodstream to other target organs |
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| a network of ductless glands that secrete their chemical substances, called hormones, directly into the bloodstream, where they are carried to other parts of the body |
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| hormone that is produced by the testicles (and in very small amounts by the ovaries and adrenal glands) |
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| a hormone that is produced by the ovaries (and in very small amounts by the testicles and adrenal glands) |
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| a hormone that is produced in large amounts by the ovaries after ovulation; prepares the endometrium of uterus to nourish a fertilized egg |
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| Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) |
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Definition
| a gonadotropin hormone released by the pituitary gland that stimulates the development of a follicle in a woman's ovary and the production of sperm in a man's testicles |
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Definition
| a gonadotropin hormone released by the pituitary gland that triggers ovulation in women and stimulates the production of male hormones in men |
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| hormone released from the pituitary gland that stimulates milk production in breasts |
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| pituitary hormone associated with milk release, labor and orgasmic contractions and erotic attraction and tough |
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| Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) |
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| hormone released by the hypothalamus in the brain that causes the pituitary gland to release the hormones FSH and LH |
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| Hormone produced by the testicles and ovaries that inhibits release of FSH from the pituitary gland |
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| monthly cycle of hormonal events in a woman that leads to ovulation and menstruation |
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| sac in the ovary containing an ovum and surrounding follicular cells |
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| monthly discharge of endometrial tissue, blood, and other secretions from the uterus that occurs when an egg is not fertilized |
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| expulsion of an egg from one of the ovaries |
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| follicular cells that remain in teh ovary after the follicle expels the ovum during ovulation; they begin to secrete progesterone in large quantities in the postovulatory stage |
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| chemical substances secreted externally by animals that convey information to, and produce specific responses in, memebers of the same species |
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| cycle of hormonal events that occurs in most nonhuman mammals; females are sexually receptive (in heat, estrus) to males during ovulation |
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| incorrect negative attitudes about menstruating women |
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| absence of menstruation for 6 months or longer |
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| term for a girl's first menstrual period |
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| Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) |
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| group of physical and/or emotional changes that many women experience in the last 3 to 14 days before the start of a menstrual period |
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| Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) |
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| severe form of PMS that markedly interferes with social relations, work, or education |
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| growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus |
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| Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) |
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| syndrome with symptoms of high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness; caused by toxins produced by the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium |
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| synthetic steriod hormones that combine the growth (anabolic) effects of adrenal steriods with the masculinizing effects of androgenic steriods |
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| the physiological responses that occur during sexual arousal, which many therapists and researchers have arbitrarily divided into different phases |
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| a state that "is experienced as specific sensations which move the individual to seek out, or become receptive to, sexual experiences" |
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| Vasocongestive Response (vasocongestion) |
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| the engorgement (filling) of tissues with blood |
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| the first phase of the sexual response cycle as proposed by Masters and Johnson; first sign is vasocongestion of the penis, leading to erection |
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| the second phase of the sexual response cycle proposed by Masters and Johnson; physiologically, it represents a high state of arousal |
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| brief by intense sensations (focused largely in the genitals but really a whole body response) experienced during sexual arousal; during orgasm, rhythmic muscular contractions occur in certain tissues in both the man and woman; the third phase of the sexual response cycle proposed by Masters and Johnson |
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| expulsion of semen from the body |
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| fourth and final phase of the sexual response cycle proposed by Masters and Johnson; refers to a return to the unaroused state |
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| in men, the period of time after an orgasm in which their physiological responses fall below the plateau level, thus making it impossible for them to have another orgasm (until the responses build back up to plateau) |
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| for many women, sexual desire is motivated less by biological urges than it is by relationship and intimacy needs |
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| Excitement (arousal) phase (women) |
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Definition
| arousability has been defined as "the capacity to become sexually aroused in response to situational cues"; for many women, relationship and intimacy needs provide the situational cues |
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| having two or more successive orgasms without falling below the plateau level of physiological arousal |
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| a small, sensitive area on the front wall of the vagina found in about 10% of all women |
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| glands located in the urethras of some women that are thought to develop from the same embryonic tissue as the man's prostate, and that may be the source of a fluid emitted by some women during orgasm |
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| substances that enhance sexual desire or performance |
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| substances that suppress sexual functioning |
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| all of the sexual attitudes, feelings, and behaviors associated with being human; term does not refer specifically to a person's capacity for erotic response or to sexual acts, but rather to a dimension of one's personality |
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