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| physiological activation, expressive behavior, conscious experiences (thoughts, feelings) |
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| psycological reaction THEN feelings |
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| physiological arousal and our emotional experience occurs TOGETHER. one does not cause the other, emotions seperate from bodys arousal |
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| schachter-singer 2 factor theory |
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| our physiological and cognitions together CREATE emotion. |
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| mobilizes for action, calms later. controls arousal via sympathetic division which directs adrenal glands to release hormones (like adrelaline) |
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| parasympathetic nervous system |
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| when crisis passes, takes over and calms |
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| more activity in the right prefrontal from.. |
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| ties responses to crime scene details known only to guilty person |
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| says we have many emotional reactions apart from, or even before, our interpretations of a situation |
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| sends more neural perceptions up to the cortex then back. the limibc system nerusal center deep in brain |
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| says even instantaneously felt emotions require some sort of cignitive appraisal of situation. otherwise how do we know what we are reacting to? |
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| force a smile, youll start feeling better. imitating others behavior to help us empathize. |
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| assume that aggressive action provides emotional release. false. |
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| sunjective well being is.. |
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| describes our tendency to judge various stimuli relative to those we have previously experienced. we adjust our neutral level |
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| the sense that were worse off than others |
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| your characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. |
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| freuds psychoanalytic theory |
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| roproses childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality |
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| focuses on our inner capacitieies for growth and self fulfillment |
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| nervous disorders.. no neurological sense. |
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| relax, say what comes to mind. frued |
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| now conversion disorder.. no medical proof of ailment |
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| frueds name for what he did |
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| part of the conflict. operates on immediate pleasure |
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| part of the conflict. operates onr eality. id in realistic ways |
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| part of the conflict. voice of the consious that forces ego to consider the real and ideal, HOW WE OUGHT TO BEHAVE |
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oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
OAPLG. phallic is key |
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| oedipus complex, electra complex |
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| boys want mother, girls want father |
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| children repess their threatening feelings and begin identifying with rival parent. |
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| ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsiously distorting reality |
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| part of DEFENCE MECHANISM. banishes anixety-arousing thoughts, feelings, memories from consiousness. painful. thought to be a myth by some, rare. |
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| part of DEFENCE MECHANISM. retreating to an earlier, more infantile stage of development. going back to where your needs were met |
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| conflicts unresolved during earlier psychosexual stage could surface as malaadoptive behavior in the adult years. |
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| the ego unconsciously makes unacceptable impulses look like their opposites. behaving how your afraid of |
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| part of DEFENCE MECHANISM. disguises threatening impulses by attributing them to others. liking someone and saying they like you |
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| part of DEFENCE MECHANISM. offer self-justifying explanations |
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| neo-freutdians placed more emphasis on.. |
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| .. the role of the conscious mind and doubted sex and aggression were all-consuming motivations |
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| inferiority copmplex. with karen horney and carl jung. common reservior of images derived from our species universal experiences |
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| provide ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of ones inner dynamics.. no clear direction. rorschach inkblot. shows hidden traits |
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| thematic appreciation test (TAT) |
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| people view ambiguous picturesd and make up stories about them. accessess achievement motiveation. projection |
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| 10 inkblots that seek to identify peoples innfer feelings. most famous, ambiguous |
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| admirers and crditics agree that recent research |
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| contradicts many of frueds specific ideas. historically, sexual suppreion has diminished, psychological disorders have not |
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| the modern unconious mind |
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| we have limited access to what goes on in the mind, implicit learning, false consensus effect, terror management theory |
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| tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors |
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| terror management theoery |
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| the terror resulting from our awareness of vulnerabilitity and death |
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| the humanisitic perspective |
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| focuesesfocuses on the way healthy people strive for self determination and self realization. abraham maslow and carl rogers |
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| carl rogers person-centered perspective |
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| believed people are basically good and endowed with self actualizing tendencies, believed that a growth promoting climate required, self concept: all the thoughts we have in response to who am i? |
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| thoughtd and feelings tied to who am i? part of carl rogers person-centered perspective |
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| a growth promoting climate requires |
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| genuineness, acceptance, empthay. part of carl rogers person centered perspective |
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| the self concept is positive when |
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| the ideal and actual self are nearly alike |
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| we are natural mimics. the most empathic people mimic the most |
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| we feel hapiers with happy people |
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| suggestibility is a subtle form of |
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| conformity.. adjusting our behavior towards a groups standards |
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| normative social influence |
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| reason for conforming. desire to gain approval or avoid disaproval. |
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| informational social influence |
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| reaosn for conforming. group may provide valuable info, and only an uncommonly stubborn person will never listen to others. |
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| shocking experiement, teacher shocks actors |
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| obediance is highest when (according to milgrams experiement) |
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| authority person was close, was seen as very authoritative, supported by an institution, victim depersonalized at a duistance, no role models for defienace. |
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| conformity and obediance tests found |
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| experiements explroe underlying processes that shape the behaviors found. in any society, great evils sometime grow out of peoples compliance with lesser evils |
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| norman triplettm observed bike riders. improved performance in a task in presence of others, occures with simple or well learned tasks. msut already know how to do it |
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| observed bike riders, people are better at tasks when watched |
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| sometimes the presence of others both arouse people and dimish their sense of responsibility, become less self-conscious and less restrained in a group. |
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| enhancements of a groups prevailing tendencies, occurs when people within a group discuss attitudes that most favor or oppose. internet provides new medium |
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| yes sir for bay of pigs with kennedy, made my janis |
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| power of one or two indivuals to sway majorities |
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| beliefs (stereotypes) emotions, predispositions to action |
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| 2 groups watch little girl taking IQ test, group who were told she's poor thought she would do bad before the video, and after the video said she did even worse because her questions were easy. opposite of rich little girl |
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| prejudice may express anger, to boost our sense of status it helps to have other denigrate |
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| we often judge frequency of events by instances that readily come to mind and therefore influence our judgements of a group. |
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| reflects idea that good is reward and bad is punished. hindsight bias is a factor (blaming the victim) |
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| agreesion is facilitated by |
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| neural systems, not one spot in the brain. but frontal lobe system serves to inhibit aggression |
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| being blocked short of a goal increases peoples readiness to aggress, frustration-agression princuiple |
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| frustration-aggresion principle.. |
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| part of aversion events.. frustrates creates anger, which in some people generates aggression, espesially in presence of aggressive cue (gun) |
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| victims fight at first and then enjoy |
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bridge test.. men on steady bride more likely to ask woman out.
2 groups shot with epridefrin.2nd group not told. emotion picked up from person in room, |
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arousak +label
label is person youre with |
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| the most widely recognized emotion in picture tests. also anger. fight or flight.. survival of the fittest |
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| key to fear, limbis center in brain |
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| started with hypmosis, free association, unconsciousm free association, childhood sexuality shapes influence personality, |
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| common reservoir of images derived from our specues universal ideas. neo fruedian. psychodinamic theorists |
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| growth promoting climate requires |
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| geniuneness, acceptance, empathy |
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| when ideal self amd actual self are alike |
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| myer briggs type indicator (MPTT) |
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| classifies people according to yungs personality types |
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| statisical procedure used to classify clusters of bahaviors which refkect a basic fctor or trait |
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| minnesote multiphasic personality inventory MMPI |
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| most wuidely used personality test. imperically devised(developed by testing pool of items then selecting what discriminates between groups, uses math not theory. accesses abnormal traits. addresses faking answers! |
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| conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion |
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| It is the tendency for people to accept very general or vague characterizations of themselves and take them to be accurate. |
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| social cognitive perspective.. emphasizes interaction of persons with our situations, what we think effects iyr behavior, focus on how we and our environment interact. recipricol determinism |
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| our bahavior influences and is influenced by environment. bandura |
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| external locus of control |
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| rotter. perseption that chance or outside force effects fate |
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| internal locus of control |
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| rotter. believe we create our own destiny |
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| seligman. the hopelessness and passive resignation a human learms when unable to avoid unpleasent (aversive) events |
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| how you explain neg and pos events |
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| negative attribution style |
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| pessimism follows this. attribute poor performances to their lack of ability or to situations enduringly beyond control |
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| overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performances, blunders. |
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| connect behaviors or feelings to something else, intelligence, weather, ext |
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| fundamental attribution error |
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| we overestimate influence of personality and underestimate influence of situation. works for when describing others, not ourselves |
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| central route to persuasion |
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| people naturall analytical or involved |
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| people respond to incidential cues.. such as attractiveness |
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| tendency for people who agee to a small action to comply kater with a larger one |
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| relief from tension. wyhen we are aware that our attitudes and actions dont coincide. inconsistant traits |
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| authority figure, supported by institution, victim depersonalized by distance, no role models for defieance |
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| improved performance around others |
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| everyone else does it, i will too |
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| people make more extreme statements or thoughts when with a group |
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we are ingroup. them is the outgroup. bias for ones own group.
outgroup the person feels the need to compete
ingroup person feels comfortable |
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| passion, intemicy, commitment. passion greatest at first |
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| yelled for help, no one came to rescue, bystander effect! |
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| unselfish regard for others. prosocial behavior! |
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| maximize rewards, minimize costs. you help for rewards |
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| fundamental attribution error, drive carefully experiement, |
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| expectation that we should return help, not harm, so we will get it back. help those who help us |
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| social responsibility norm |
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| help those who need help, even if there are costs |
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| do something good for the moment that hurts the group later on. take money from church |
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| form mirror-image perceptions |
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| we we see them, as untrustworthy and evil intentioned, so they see us |
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| shared goals that can override differences and can be achieved only through cooperation |
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| GRIT graduated and reciprocated intiatives in tension reduction |
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| from modest beginnings, door for reciprocity by other party opened |
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